جداسازی و شناسایی باکتری‌های اسید لاکتیک و مخمر با توان پروبیوتیکی از روده‌ی ماهی سیم سرطلایی (sparus aurata)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته دکتری شیلات، دانشکده منابع طبیعی دریا، دانشگاه علوم و فنون دریایی خرمشهر، خرمشهر، ایران

2 استاد گروه شیلات، دانشکده منابع طبیعی دریا، دانشگاه علوم و فنون دریایی خرمشهر، خرمشهر، ایران

3 استادیار گروه زیست شناسی دریا، دانشکده علوم دریایی و اقیانوسی، دانشگاه علوم و فنون دریایی خرمشهر، خرمشهر، ایران

چکیده

    باکتری­های اسید لاکتیک رایج­ترین باکتری­هایی هستند که به عنوان پروبیوتیک در آبزی پروری استفاده می­شوند.  این مطالعه با هدف جداسازی و شناسایی باکتری‌های اسید لاکتیک و مخمرهای دارای پتانسیل پروبیوتیک از روده­ی ماهی سیم دریایی انجام شد.  پنج ماهی با میانگین وزن 67/17±88/279 گرم از مزرعه طراحی و توسعه­ی نیکسا واقع در بندر چارک و 25 ماهی با میانگین وزن 67/9±43/39 گرم از مزرعه­ی تیاب پران قشم در جزیره­ی قشم انتخاب شدند.  ماهی­های انتخاب شده ظاهری سالم داشتند و همچنین به صورت تصادفی انتخاب شدند.  باکتری‌های اسید لاکتیک و مخمرها از روده­ی نمونه‌ها جداسازی و خالص‌سازی شدند و بر اساس ویژگی‌های مورفولوژیکی و توالی‌های مولکولی شناسایی شدند.  سپس این جدایه­ها بر اساس شاخص­های اساسی پروبیوتیک از جمله مقاومت اسیدی، نمک­های صفراوی، خواص آنتاگونیستی و فعالیت همولیتیک ماهی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند.  12 جدایه بر اساس رنگ، شکل و اندازه­ی کلنی خالص­سازی شدند.  سپس با استفاده از رنگ­آمیزی گرم و بررسی میکروسکوپی دو مخمر و پنج باکتری با مورفولوژی متفاوت شناسایی شدند.  تمامی جدایه­های لاکتوباسیلوس دارای خواص آنتاگونیستی در برابر باکتری بیماری­زای Vibrio harveyi بودند.  دو سویه مخمر؛ Rhodotorula mucilaginosa CBS 316 و Wickerhamiella infanticola CBS 7922، جداسازی شدند.  باکتری­های اسید لاکتیک جدا شده از روده­ی ماهی به ترتیب شامل دو جنس انتروکوک و باسیلوس بود.  نتایج آزمایش‌های توان پروبیوتیکی نشان داد که جدایه‌های 1 (باکتری)، 3 و 6 (مخمر) بهترین عملکرد را داشتند.  از داده‌های به دست آمده، نتیجه‌گیری شد که استفاده از ترکیبی از باکتری‌ها و مخمرها به عنوان پروبیوتیک در آبزی­پروری کارایی بالاتری دارد.

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