Adel, M., Lazado, C. C., Safari, R., Yeganeh, S., & Zorriehzahra, M. J. (2017). Aqualase®, a yeast‐based in‐feed probiotic, modulates intestinal microbiota, immunity and growth of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Aquaculture Research, 48(4), 1815-1826.
Allam, B. W., Khalil, H. S., Mansour, A. T., Srour, T. M., Omar, E. A., & Nour, A. A. M. (2020). Impact of substitution of fish meal by high protein distillers dried grains on growth performance, plasma protein and economic benefit of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus). Aquaculture, 517, 734792.
Andrews, S. R., Sahu, N. P., Pal, A. K., & Kumar, S. (2009). Haematological modulation and growth of Labeo rohita fingerlings: effect of dietary mannan oligosaccharide, yeast extract, protein hydrolysate and chlorella. Aquaculture research, 41(1), 61-69.
Anson, M. L. (1938). The estimation of pepsin, trypsin, papain, and cathepsin with hemoglobin. The Journal of general physiology, 22(1), 79.
Aramli, M. S., Kamangar, B., & Nazari, R. M. (2015). Effects of dietary β-glucan on the growth and innate immune response of juvenile Persian sturgeon, Acipenser persicus. Fish & shellfish immunology, 47(1), 606-610.
Areekijseree, M., Engkagul, A., Kovitvadhi, U., Thongpan, A., Mingmuang, M., Pakkong, P., & Rungruangsak-Torrissen, K. (2004). Temperature and pH characteristics of amylase and proteinase of adult freshwater pearl mussel, Hyriopsis (Hyriopsis) bialatus Simpson 1900. Aquaculture, 234(1-4), 575-587.
Borlongan, I. G. (1990). Studies on the digestive lipases of milkfish, Chanos chanos. Aquaculture, 89(3-4), 315-325.
Bradford, M. M. (1976). A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical biochemistry, 72(1-2), 248-254.
Burgos-Aceves, M. A., Cohen, A., Smith, Y., & Faggio, C. (2016). Estrogen regulation of gene expression in the teleost fish immune system. Fish & shellfish immunology, 58, 42-49.
Chinabut, S., & Puttinaowarat, S. (2005). The choice of disease control strategies to secure international market access for aquaculture products. Developments in biologicals, 121, 255-261.
Dalmo, R. A., & Bøgwald, J. (2008). ß-glucans as conductors of immune symphonies. Fish & shellfish immunology, 25(4), 384-396.
de Araújo, E. R. L., Barbas, L. A. L., Ishikawa, C. M., de Carla Dias, D., Sussel, F. R., de Almeida Marques, H. L., & Tachibana, L. (2018). Prebiotic, probiotic, and synbiotic in the diet of Nile tilapia post-larvae during the sex reversal phase. Aquaculture international, 26(1), 85-97.
Dehaghani, P. G., Baboli, M. J., Moghadam, A. T., Ziaei-Nejad, S., & Pourfarhadi, M. (2015). Effect of synbiotic dietary supplementation on survival, growth performance, and digestive enzyme activities of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerlings. Czech Journal of Animal Science, 60(5), 224-232.
Xian, D., Zhuojia, L., Yongqing, C., Heizhao, L., & Keng, Y. (2004). Effects of probiotics on growth and activities of digestive enzymes of Pennaus vannamei. Zhongguo Shui Chan ke xue= Journal of Fishery Sciences of China, 11(6), 580-584.
Enferadi, M. H. N., Mohammadizadeh, F., Soltani, M., Bahri, A. H., & Sheikhzadeh, N. (2018). Effects of LactoBacillus plantarum on growth performance, proteolytic enzymes activity and intestine morphology in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 18(2), 351-356.
Erlanger, B. F., Kokowsky, N., & Cohen, W. (1961). The preparation and properties of two new chromogenic substrates of trypsin. Archives of biochemistry and biophysics, 95(2), 271-278.
Essa, M. A., El-Serafy, S. S., El-Ezabi, M. M., Daboor, S. M., Esmael, N. A., & Lall, S. P. (2010). Effect of different dietary probiotics on growth, feed utilization and digestive enzymes activities of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Journal of the Arabian Aquaculture Society, 5(2), 143-162.
Fayed, W. M., Khalil, R. H., Sallam, G. R., Mansour, A. T., Elkhayat, B. K., & Omar, E. A. (2019). Estimating the effective level of Yucca schidigera extract for improvement of the survival, haematological parameters, immunological responses and water quality of European seabass juveniles (Dicentrarchus labrax). Aquaculture Reports, 15, 100208.
García-Beltrán, J. M., Mansour, A. T., Alsaqufi, A. S., Ali, H. M., & Esteban, M. Á. (2020). Effects of aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts from drumstick tree (Moringa oleifera) on gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) leucocytes, and their cytotoxic, antitumor, bactericidal and antioxidant activities. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 106, 44-55.
Geraylou, Z., Souffreau, C., Rurangwa, E., De Meester, L., Courtin, C. M., Delcour, J. A., ... & Ollevier, F. (2013). Effects of dietary arabinoxylan-oligosaccharides (AXOS) and endogenous probiotics on the growth performance, non-specific immunity and gut microbiota of juvenile Siberian sturgeon (Acipenserá baerii). Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 35(3), 766-775.
Ghanbari, M., Kneifel, W., & Domig, K. J. (2015). A new view of the fish gut microbiome: advances from next-generation sequencing. Aquaculture, 448, 464-475.
Gibson, G. R., Probert, H. M., Van Loo, J., Rastall, R. A., & Roberfroid, M. B. (2004). Dietary modulation of the human colonic microbiota: updating the concept of prebiotics. Nutrition research reviews, 17(2), 259-275.
Hassaan, M. S., Soltan, M. A., & Ghonemy, M. M. R. (2014). Effect of synbiotics between Bacillus licheniformis and yeast extract on growth, hematological and biochemical indices of the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research, 40(2), 199-208.
Hoseinifar, S. H., Khalili, M., Rostami, H. K., & Esteban, M. Á. (2013). Dietary galactooligosaccharide affects intestinal microbiota, stress resistance, and performance of Caspian roach (Rutilus rutilus) fry. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 35(5), 1416-1420.
Hoseinifar, S. H., Zare, P., & Merrifield, D. L. (2010). The effects of inulin on growth factors and survival of the Indian white shrimp larvae and postlarvae (Fenneropenaeus indicus). Aquaculture Research, 41(9), e348-e352.
Hummel, B. C. (1959). A modified spectrophotometric determination of chymotrypsin, trypsin, and thrombin. Canadian journal of biochemistry and physiology, 37(12), 1393-1399.
Kühlwein, H., Merrifield, D. L., Rawling, M. D., Foey, A. D., & Davies, S. J. (2014). Effects of dietary β‐(1, 3) (1, 6)‐ D‐glucan supplementation on growth performance, intestinal morphology and haemato‐immunological profile of mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition, 98(2), 279-289.
Kumar, P., Jain, K. K., Sardar, P., Jayant, M., & Tok, N. C. (2018). Effect of dietary synbiotic on growth performance, body composition, digestive enzyme activity and gut microbiota in Cirrhinus mrigala (Ham.) fingerlings. Aquaculture nutrition, 24(3), 921-929.
Lauridsen, J. H., & Buchmann, K. (2010). Effects of short-and long-term glucan feeding of rainbow trout (Salmonidae) on the susceptibility to Ichthyophthirius multifiliis infections. Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria, 40(1).
Li, P., & Gatlin III, D. M. (2004). Dietary brewers yeast and the prebiotic Grobiotic™ AE influence growth performance, immune responses and resistance of hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops×M. saxatilis) to Streptococcus iniae infection. Aquaculture, 231(1-4), 445-456.
Lin, S., Pan, Y., Luo, L., & Luo, L. (2011). Effects of dietary β-1, 3-glucan, chitosan or raffinose on the growth, innate immunity and resistance of koi (Cyprinus carpio koi). Fish & shellfish immunology, 31(6), 788-794.
Llewellyn, M. S., Boutin, S., Hoseinifar, S. H., & Derome, N. (2014). Teleost microbiomes: the state of the art in their characterization, manipulation and importance in aquaculture and fisheries. Frontiers in microbiology, 5, 207.
Mansour, A. T., Alsaqufi, A. S., Alkhamis, Y. A., Al-Gazar, F. F., Zaki, M. A., Nour, A. A. M., & Ramadan, K. M. (2021). The evaluation of Arthrospira platensis bioactivity and their dietary supplementation to Nile tilapia vegetarian diet on growth performance, feed utilization, body composition and hemato-biochemical parameters. Annals of Animal Science, 21(3), 1061-1080.
Mansour, A. T., Fayed, W. M., Elkhayat, B. K., Omar, E. A., Zaki, M. A., Nour, A. A. M., & Morshedy, S. A. (2021). Extract Dietary Supplementation Affects Growth Performance, Hematological and Physiological Status of European Seabass. Annals of Animal Science, 21(3), 1043-1060.
Mansour, A. T. E., Goda, A. A., Omar, E. A., Khalil, H. S., & Esteban, M. Á. (2017). Dietary supplementation of organic selenium improves growth, survival, antioxidant and immune status of meagre, Argyrosomus regius, juveniles. Fish & shellfish immunology, 68, 516-524.
Meena, D. K., Das, P., Kumar, S., Mandal, S. C., Prusty, A. K., Singh, S. K., ... & Mukherjee, S. C. (2013). Beta-glucan: an ideal immunostimulant in aquaculture (a review). Fish physiology and biochemistry, 39(3), 431-457.
Merrifield, D. L., Bradley, G., Baker, R. T. M., & Davies, S. J. (2010). Probiotic applications for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) II. Effects on growth performance, feed utilization, intestinal microbiota and related health criteria postantibiotic treatment. Aquaculture nutrition, 16(5), 496-503.
Miest, J. J., Arndt, C., Adamek, M., Steinhagen, D., & Reusch, T. B. (2016). Dietary β-glucan (MacroGard®) enhances survival of first feeding turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) larvae by altering immunity, metabolism and microbiota. Fish & shellfish immunology, 48, 94-104.
Mirghaed, A. T., Yarahmadi, P., Hosseinifar, S. H., Tahmasebi, D., Gheisvandi, N., & Ghaedi, A. (2018). The effects singular or combined administration of fermentable fiber and probiotic on mucosal immune parameters, digestive enzyme activity, gut microbiota and growth performance of Caspian white fish (Rutilus frisii kutum) fingerlings. Fish & shellfish immunology, 77, 194-199.
Misra, C. K., Das, B. K., Mukherjee, S. C., & Pattnaik, P. (2006). Effect of long term administration of dietary β-glucan on immunity, growth and survival of Labeo rohita fingerlings. Aquaculture, 255(1-4), 82-94.
Mohammadian, T., Alishahi, M., Tabandeh, M. R., Ghorbanpoor, M., Gharibi, D., Tollabi, M., & Rohanizade, S. (2016). Probiotic effects of Lactobacillus plantarum and L. delbrueckii ssp. bulguricus on some immune-related parameters in Barbus grypus. Aquaculture international, 24(1), 225-242.
Mohammadian, T., Alishahi, M., Tabandeh, M. R., Ghorbanpoor, M., & Gharibi, D. (2017). Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus on growth performance, gut microbial flora and digestive enzymes activities in Tor grypus (Karaman, 1971).
Munilla-Moran, R., Stark, J. R., & Barbour, A. (1990). The role of exogenous enzymes in digestion in cultured turbot larvae (Scophthalmus maximus L.). Aquaculture, 88(3-4), 337-350.
López Nadal, A., Ikeda-Ohtsubo, W., Sipkema, D., Peggs, D., McGurk, C., Forlenza, M., ... & Brugman, S. (2020). Feed, microbiota, and gut immunity: using the zebrafish model to understand fish health. Frontiers in immunology, 114.
Nagappan, S., Das, P., AbdulQuadir, M., Thaher, M., Khan, S., Mahata, C., ... & Kumar, G. (2021). Potential of microalgae as a sustainable feed ingredient for aquaculture. Journal of Biotechnology, 341, 1-20.
Mohammadian, T., Nasirpour, M., Tabandeh, M. R., & Mesbah, M. (2019). Synbiotic effects of β-glucan, mannan oligosaccharide and Lactobacillus casei on growth performance, intestine enzymes activities, immune-hematological parameters and immune-related gene expression in common carp, Cyprinus carpio: An experimental infection with Aeromonas hydrophila. Aquaculture, 511, 634197.
Ochoa-Solano, J. L., & Olmos-Soto, J. (2006). The functional property of Bacillus for shrimp feeds. Food microbiology, 23(6), 519-525.
Opiyo, M. A., Jumbe, J., Ngugi, C. C., & Charo-Karisa, H. (2019). Different levels of probiotics affect growth, survival and body composition of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) cultured in low input ponds. Scientific African, 4, e00103.
Otto, A., Oliver, H., & Jane, M. (1946). A method for the rapid determination of alkaline phosphatase with five cubic millimeters of serum. Journal of biological chemistry, 164(3), 321-329.
Panigrahi, A., & Azad, I. S. (2007). Microbial intervention for better fish health in aquaculture: The Indian scenario. Fish physiology and biochemistry, 33(4), 429-440.
Pauchet, Y., Muck, A., Svatoš, A., Heckel, D. G., & Preiss, S. (2008). Mapping the larval midgut lumen proteome of Helicoverpa armigera, a generalist herbivorous insect. Journal of proteome research, 7(4), 1629-1639.
Paulsen, S. M., Engstad, R. E., & Robertsen, B. (2001). Enhanced lysozyme production in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) macrophages treated with yeast β-glucan and bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 11(1), 23-37.
Pilarski, F., de Oliveira, C. A. F., de Souza, F. P. B. D., & Zanuzzo, F. S. (2017). Different β-glucans improve the growth performance and bacterial resistance in Nile tilapia. Fish & shellfish immunology, 70, 25-29.
Pilarski, F., de Oliveira, C. A. F., de Souza, F. P. B. D., & Zanuzzo, F. S. (2017). Different β-glucans improve the growth performance and bacterial resistance in Nile tilapia. Fish & shellfish immunology, 70, 25-29.
Ramírez-Torrez, J. A., Monroy-Dosta, M. D. C., Hernández Hernández, L. H., Bustos-Martínez, J., Hamdan-Partida, A., Castro-Mejía, J., & Orozco-Rojas, D. I. (2019). Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) growth and digestive enzymes activity fed with autochthonous probiotics. Hidrobiológica, 29(2), 73-81.
Ramos, M. A., Goncalves, J. F., Costas, B., Batista, S., Lochmann, R., Pires, M. A., ... & Ozorio, R. O. (2017). Commercial Bacillus probiotic supplementation of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchys mykiss) and brown trout (Salmo trutta): growth, immune responses and intestinal morphology. Aquaculture Research, 48(5), 2538-2549.
Rahimnejad, S., Guardiola, F. A., Leclercq, E., Esteban, M. Á., Castex, M., Sotoudeh, E., & Lee, S. M. (2018). Effects of dietary supplementation with Pediococcus acidilactici MA18/5M, galactooligosaccharide and their synbiotic on growth, innate immunity and disease resistance of rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli). Aquaculture, 482, 36-44.
Ringø, E., & Song, S. K. (2016). Application of dietary supplements (synbiotics and probiotics in combination with plant products and β‐glucans) in aquaculture. Aquaculture Nutrition, 22(1), 4-24.
Rungruangsak‐Torrissen, K., Rustad, A., Sunde, J., Eiane, S. A., Jensen, H. B., Opstvedt, J., ... & Venturini, G. (2002). In vitro digestibility based on fish crude enzyme extract for prediction of feed quality in growth trials. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 82(6), 644-654.
Rurangwa, E., Laranja, J. L., Van Houdt, R., Delaedt, Y., Geraylou, Z., Van de Wiele, T., ... & Ollevier, F. (2009). Selected nondigestible carbohydrates and prebiotics support the growth of probiotic fish bacteria mono‐cultures in vitro. Journal of applied microbiology, 106(3), 932-940.
Sakai, M. (1999). Current research status of fish immunostimulants. Aquaculture, 172(1-2), 63-92.
Selim, K. M., El-hofy, H., & Khalil, R. H. (2014). The efficacy of three mycotoxin adsorbents to alleviate aflatoxin B1-induced toxicity in Oreochromis niloticus. Aquaculture International, 22(2), 523-540.
SUN, Y. Z., YANG, H. L., MA, R. L., Song, K., & Li, J. S. (2012). Effect of Lactococcus lactis and Enterococcus faecium on growth performance, digestive enzymes and immune response of grouper Epinephelus coioides. Aquaculture Nutrition, 18(3), 281-289.
Szilagyi, A. (2002). Lactose—a potential prebiotic. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics, 16(9), 1591-1602.
Terpou, A., Papadaki, A., Lappa, I. K., Kachrimanidou, V., Bosnea, L. A., & Kopsahelis, N. (2019). Probiotics in food systems: Significance and emerging strategies towards improved viability and delivery of enhanced beneficial value. Nutrients, 11(7), 1591.
Torrecillas, S., Makol, A., Caballero, M. J., Montero, D., Robaina, L., Real, F., ... & Izquierdo, M. S. (2007). Immune stimulation and improved infection resistance in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fed mannan oligosaccharides. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 23(5), 969-981.
Wang, T., Cheng, Y., Chen, X., Liu, Z., & Long, X. (2017). Effects of small peptides, probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on growth performance, digestive enzymes, and oxidative stress in orange-spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides, juveniles reared in artificial seawater. Chinese journal of oceanology and limnology, 35(1), 89-97.
Wu, Y. S., Liau, S. Y., Huang, C. T., & Nan, F. H. (2016). Beta 1, 3/1, 6-glucan and vitamin C immunostimulate the non-specific immune response of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 57, 269-277.
Ye, J. D., Wang, K., Li, F. D., & Sun, Y. Z. (2011). Single or combined effects of fructo‐and mannan oligosaccharide supplements and Bacillus clausii on the growth, feed utilization, body composition, digestive enzyme activity, innate immune response and lipid metabolism of the Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Aquaculture nutrition, 17(4), e902-e911.
Yousefian, M., & Amiri, M. S. (2009). A review of the use of prebiotic in aquaculture for fish and shrimp. African Journal of Biotechnology, 8(25).
Ziaei-Nejad, S., Rezaei, M. H., Takami, G. A., Lovett, D. L., Mirvaghefi, A. R., & Shakouri, M. (2006). The effect of Bacillus spp. bacteria used as probiotics on digestive enzyme activity, survival and growth in the Indian white shrimp Fenneropenaeus indicus. Aquaculture, 252(2-4), 516-524.