AOAC. (2012). Official methods of analysis of Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 19th ed. Gaithersburg.
Bakhshizadeh, S., Taghizadeh, A., Janmohammadi, H., & Alijani, S. (2014). Chemical composition and the nutritive value of pistachio epicarp (in situ degradation and in vitro gas production techniques). Veterinary Research Forum, 5(1), 43-47.
Blümmel, M., & Bullerdieck, P. (1997). The need to complement in vitro gas production measurements with residue determinations from in sacco degradabilities to improve the prediction of voluntary intake of hays. Animal Science, 64(1), 71-75.
Souhil, B., Samir, B., Lyas, B., Amal, H., Ibtissem, B., Nour-Elhouda, A. & Secundino., L. (2022). In vitro gas production and fermentation parameters of some plants species collected from algerian arid rangelands. Journal of Rangeland Science, 12 (1), 77-86.
Coblentz, W. K., Nellis, S. E., Hoffman, P. C., Hall, M. B., Weimer, P. J., Esser, N. M., & Bertram, M. G. (2013). Unique interrelationships between fiber composition, water-soluble carbohydrates, and in vitro gas production for fall-grown oat forages. Journal of dairy science, 96(11), 7195-7209.
Cushnie, T. T., & Lamb, A. J. (2011). Recent advances in understanding the antibacterial properties of flavonoids. International journal of antimicrobial agents, 38(2), 99-107.
García-González, R., López, S., Fernández, M., & González, J. S. (2006). Effects of the addition of some medicinal plants on methane production in a rumen simulating fermenter (RUSITEC). International Congress Series, 1293, 172-175. Elsevier.
He, Y., Cone, J. W., Hendriks, W. H., & Dijkstra, J. (2020). Relationships between chemical composition and in vitro gas production parameters of maize leaves and stems. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 104(1), 12-21.
Hyde, M., Wursten, B., Ballings, P., & Palgrave Coates, M. (2021). Flora of Zimbabwe: Species Information: Pinus patula. Flora of Zimbabwe. https://www. zimbabweflora. co. zw/speciesdata/species. php.
Jiménez-Peralta, F. S., Salem, A. Z. M., Mejia-Hernández, P., González-Ronquillo, M., Albarrán-Portillo, B., Rojo-Rubio, R., & Tinoco-Jaramillo, J. L. (2011). Influence of individual and mixed extracts of two tree species on in vitro gas production kinetics of a high concentrate diet fed to growing lambs. Livestock Science, 136(2-3), 192-200.
Kumari, E. V., & Krishnan, V. (2016). Qualitative and quantitative estimation of phytochemicals of Alternanthera sessilis (l) r. Br. Ex. Dc and Alternanthera Philoxeroides (mart). Griseb. International Journal of Botany and Research, 6(4), 29-34.
Menke, K.H., Raab, L., Salewski, A., Steingass, H., Fritz, D. & Schneider, W. (1979). The estimation of the digestibility and metabolizable energy content of ruminant feedingstuffs from the gas production when they m incubated with rumen liquor in vitro. J. Agric. Sci., 93: 217-222.
Mondal, H., Saha, S., Awang, K., Hossain, H., Ablat, A., Islam, M. K., ... & Uddin, S. J. (2014). Central-stimulating and analgesic activity of the ethanolic extract of Alternanthera sessilis in mice. BMC complementary and alternative medicine, 14(1), 1-9.
NRC, National Research Council (US). Committee on Nutrient Requirements of Small Ruminants. (2007). Nutrient requirements of small ruminants: sheep, goats, cervids, and new world camelids.
Newbold, C. J., De La Fuente, G., Belanche, A., Ramos-Morales, E., & McEwan, N. R. (2015). The role of ciliate protozoa in the rumen. Frontiers in microbiology, 6, 1313.
Nooriyan Soroor, E., & Rouzbehan, Y. (2013). The influence of golpar (Heracleum persicum) on in vitro rumen fermentation parameter, sand on methane production. Iranian Journal of animal Science, 44(4), 385-395. doi: 10.22059/ijas.2013.50382.
Nooriyan Soroor, E., & Rouzbehan, Y. (2014). Effect of Echium amoenum extract on plasma metabolites and methane estimate mehraban male lambs. Iranian Journal of animal Science, 44(3), 273-282. doi: 10.22059/ijas.2013.36155.
Noviandi, C. T., Kustaantinah, K., Irawan, A., Widyobroto, B. P., & Astuti, A. (2021). Determination of in vitro gas production kinetics by adding Leucaena leucecophala and corn oil to the ration in different ratios. Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science, 11(1), 23-31.
Ørskov, E. R., & McDonald, I. (1979). The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurements weighted according to rate of passage. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 92(2), 499-503.
Othman, A., Ismail, A., Hassan, F.A., Yusof, B.N.M., & Khatib, A., (2016). Comparative evaluation of nutritional compositions, antioxidant capacities, and phenolic compounds of red and green sessile Joyweed (Alternanthera sessilis). J. Funct.Foods 21, 263–271.
Patra, A. K., & Saxena, J. (2010). A new perspective on the use of plant secondary metabolites to inhibit methanogenesis in the rumen. Phytochemistry, 71(11-12), 1198-1222.
Sallam, S. M. A., Bueno, I. C. S., Brigide, P., Godoy, P. B., Vitti, D. M. S. S., & Abdalla, A. L. (2009). Efficacy of eucalyptus oil on in vitro ruminal fermentation and methane production. Options Mediterraneennes, 85(85), 267.
Sirohi, S. K., Pandey, N., Goel, N., Singh, B., Mohini, M., Pandey, P., & Chaudhry, P. P. (2009). Microbial activity and ruminal methanogenesis as affected by plant secondary metabolites in different plant extracts. International Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering, 1(1), 52-58.
Snelling, T. J., Auffret, M. D., Duthie, C. A., Stewart, R. D., Watson, M., Dewhurst, R. J., ... & Walker, A. W. (2019). Temporal stability of the rumen microbiota in beef cattle, and response to diet and supplements. Animal Microbiome, 1, 1-14.
Sommai, S., Cherdthong, A., Suntara, C., So, S., Wanapat, M., & Polyorach, S. (2021). In vitro fermentation characteristics and methane mitigation responded to flavonoid extract levels from Alternanthera sissoo and dietary ratios. Fermentation, 7(3), 109.
Tilley, J. M. A., & Terry, D. R. (1963). A two‐stage technique for the in vitro digestion of forage crops. Grass and forage science, 18(2), 104-111.
Van Soest, P.J., Rabertson, J.b., & Lewis, B.A. (1991). Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. nutritional ecology of the ruminant. Journal of Dairy Science, 74(10): 3583-3597.
Zhu, Z., Difford, G. F., Noel, S. J., Lassen, J., Løvendahl, P., & Højberg, O. (2021). Stability assessment of the rumen bacterial and archaeal communities in dairy cows within a single lactation and its association with host phenotype. Frontiers in Microbiology, 12, 636223.