Azizzadeh, M., Shooroki, HF., Kamalabadi, AS., & Stevenson, MA. (2012). Factors affecting calf mortality in Iranian Holstein dairy herds. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 104(3): 335-340.
Constable, P.D., Hinchcliff, K.W., Done, S.H., & Grunberg, W. (2017). Veterinary medicine. A textbook of the diseases of cattle, horses, sheep, pigs and goats (11th Edition). Saunders Ltd, US. Pp: 374-378.
Curtis, CR., White, ME,. & Erb, HN. (1989). Effects of calfhood morbility on long-term survival in New York Holstein Herds. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 7(3): 173-186.
Donovan, GA., Dohoo, IR., Montgomery, DM., & Bennett, FL. (1998). Calf and disease factors affecting growth in female Holstein calves in Florida, USA. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 33(1-4): 1-10.
Hasanabadi, A. (2012). Regulation of growth hormone in farm animals (1st Edition). Ferdowsi university of mashhad Press. Mashhad, Iran. Pp: 19-28 ( In Persian).
Heinriches, JUD., & Lammers, B. (2008). Monitoring Dairy Heifer Growth. The Pennsylvania State University. Pp: 1-11.
Kadivar, A. (2011). Modern management of rearing of young calf (1st Edition). Marz danesh press. Tehran, Iran. Pp: 150-200. (In Persian).
Lorenz, I., Mee, JF., Earley, B., & More, SJ. (2011). Calf health from birth to weaning. I. General aspects of disease prevention. Irish Veterinary Journal 64(1): 10-18.
Martin, SW., Schwabe, CW., & Franti, CE. (1975). Dairy calf mortality rate: the association of daily meteorological factors and calf mortality. Canadian Journal of Comparative Medicine 39(4): 377-388.
Patterson, D., Bellows, R., Burfening, P., & Carr, J. (1987). Occurrence of neonatal and postnatal mortality in range beef cattle. I. Calf loss incidence from birth to weaning, backward and breech presentations and effects of calf loss on subsequent pregnancy rate of dams. Theriogenology 28(5): 557-571.
Smith, BP. (2015).
Large animal internal medicine (5
th Edition). St. Louis, Mo: Elsevier. US. Pp: 289-320.
Trifković, J.,
Jovanović, L.,
Đurić, M.,
Stevanović-Đorđević, S.,
Milanović. S.,
Lazarević. M., et al. (2018). Preweaned heifer management on US dairy operations: Part I. Descriptive characteristics of preweaned heifer raising practices.
Journal of dairy science 101(10): 9168-9184.
Virtala, AM., Mechor, G., Gröhn, Y., & Erb, H. (1996). The effect of calfhood diseases on growth of female dairy calves during the first 3 months of life in New York State. Journal of Dairy Science 79(6): 1040-1049.
Walton, EA. (2010). Twining in cattle, livestock newsletter of the southeast extension district. March/April. College of agriculture & Life sciences. Academic research extension.
Wymann, MN., Bonfoh, B., Schelling, E., Bengaly, S., Tembely, S., Tanner, M., & et al. (2006). Calf mortality rate and causes of death under different herd management systems in peri-urban Bamako, Mali. Livestock Science 100(2- 3): 169-178.
)