Aeromonas hydrophila vaccineThe effect of oral administration of encapsulated Lactiplantibacil-lus plantarum on the efficacy and immunogenicity of Aeromonas hydrophila vaccine in common carp [Volume 21, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 5-24]
Aged roosterEffect of Dietary Supplementation with Rosemary Essential Oil and Selenium on Fertility Gene Expression in Broiler Breeder Roosters [Volume 21, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 42-53]
Alpha 2 agonistComparative Evaluation of Sedative and Hematologic and Biochemical Effects of Intravenous Administration of Xylazine, Detomidine, Medetomidine, and Dexmedetomidine in Caspian Miniature Horses [Volume 21, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 54-67]
Alpha-pineneThe effect of alpha-pinene on anxiety-like behaviors in acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in rats: The gut-brain axis [Volume 21, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 35-42]
A. marginaleMolecular and hematological investigation on Anaplasma marginale infection in Najdi and native goats in Ahvaz [Volume 21, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 89-97]
Ammonia emissionImproving immune system and antioxidant status in Japanese quails through biochar supplementation [Volume 21, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 116-126]
AnastomosisEvaluation of hematology and some biochemical serum factors following experimental unilateral ureteral anastomosis in dogs [Volume 21, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 68-77]
Antibiotic ResistanceDetermination of phylogenetic groups, phenotypic identification of broad-spectrum beta-lactamases, and determination of antibiotic sensitivity profiles in Escherichia coli isolates in diarrheal and non-diarrheic dogs [Volume 21, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 53-64]
Antibiotic sensitivityPresence of certain extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) genes in fecal strains of Escherichia coli from dogs and the antibiotic sensitivity of the isolates [Volume 21, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 11-21]
Anxiety-like behaviorsThe effect of alpha-pinene on anxiety-like behaviors in acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in rats: The gut-brain axis [Volume 21, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 35-42]
ApoptosisProtective effect of ellagic acid on epididymal sperm profile changes and testicular tissue apoptosis in male rats receiving nicotine [Volume 21, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 30-41]
AttitudeAssessment of knowledge, attitude, and practice of livestock farmers to parasitic diseases and resistance to antiparasitic drugs in Khuzestan province [Volume 21, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 65-89]
B
Beta-lactamaseDetermination of phylogenetic groups, phenotypic identification of broad-spectrum beta-lactamases, and determination of antibiotic sensitivity profiles in Escherichia coli isolates in diarrheal and non-diarrheic dogs [Volume 21, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 53-64]
BiocharImproving immune system and antioxidant status in Japanese quails through biochar supplementation [Volume 21, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 116-126]
Biochemical changesEvaluation of hematology and some biochemical serum factors following experimental unilateral ureteral anastomosis in dogs [Volume 21, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 68-77]
Blood-Borne ParasitesMolecular Detection of Tick-Borne Hemoparasites (Theileria, Babesia and Anaplasma) in Stray Dogs using Nested PCR [Volume 21, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 22-29]
Blood metabolitesImproving immune system and antioxidant status in Japanese quails through biochar supplementation [Volume 21, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 116-126]
Brachial Plexus BlockEvaluation of local or intravenous administration of dexamethasone on brachial plexus block with lidocaine in sheep [Volume 21, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 32-40]
BupivacaineComparison of intraperitoneal medetomidine and paraincisional bupivacaine on post-operative pain management of ovariohysterectomy in dogs [Volume 21, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 97-115]
C
CarbetocinEvaluating the effect of oxytocin or carbetocin combined with flunixin meglumine administration and uterine lavage on the treatment of persistent-breeding induced endometritis in Dare-shuri mares [Volume 21, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 73-84]
Caspian miniature horseComparative Evaluation of Sedative and Hematologic and Biochemical Effects of Intravenous Administration of Xylazine, Detomidine, Medetomidine, and Dexmedetomidine in Caspian Miniature Horses [Volume 21, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 54-67]
CattleExpression profiles of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes in milk somatic cells at different stages of the first lactation in Holstein dairy cattle [Volume 21, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 85-96]
C. carpioThe effect of quorum quenching probiotics on modulated digestive enzymes activity, growth performance, gut microfora and biochemical parameters in Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) [Volume 21, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 25-43]
ChickenChicken Major Histocompatibility Complex Genotyping by High Resolution Melting Analysis [Volume 21, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 43-52]
Chromium picolinateEvaluation of the Effects of Nano-Chromium and Chromium on Serum Changes of Some Minerals in High-Producing Holstein Cows [Volume 21, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 5-13]
Common carpThe effect of oral administration of encapsulated Lactiplantibacil-lus plantarum on the efficacy and immunogenicity of Aeromonas hydrophila vaccine in common carp [Volume 21, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 5-24]
Common carpThe Effect of silver nanoparticles synthesized by macroalga Cystoseira indica on selected immune parameters of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) [Volume 21, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 5-17]
Computed TomographyMorphologic and morphometric study of the lumbosacral vertebrae in guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) based on CT scan images [Volume 21, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 57-72]
Congenital skeletal anomaliesEffects of fish oil supplementation against formaldehyde-induced congenital skeletal anomalies in Wistar rats [Volume 21, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 44-56]
Congenital vascular hamartomaCongenital vascular hamartoma of the gingiva in a calf [Volume 21, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 98-102]
Cystoseira indicaThe Effect of silver nanoparticles synthesized by macroalga Cystoseira indica on selected immune parameters of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) [Volume 21, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 5-17]
D
Dairy cattleEvaluation of the Effects of Nano-Chromium and Chromium on Serum Changes of Some Minerals in High-Producing Holstein Cows [Volume 21, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 5-13]
Dairy farmingThe Impact of Nutritional Management, Herd Size, and Geographical Location on Heavy Metal Concentrations in Livestock Products: A Case Study in Dairy Farms of Isfahan Province [Volume 21, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 18-31]
Dareh Shouri MaresEvaluating the effect of oxytocin or carbetocin combined with flunixin meglumine administration and uterine lavage on the treatment of persistent-breeding induced endometritis in Dare-shuri mares [Volume 21, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 73-84]
DevelopmentA study of the Histogenesis and development of the pancreas of the Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) embryos [Volume 21, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 78-88]
DiarrheaDetermination of phylogenetic groups, phenotypic identification of broad-spectrum beta-lactamases, and determination of antibiotic sensitivity profiles in Escherichia coli isolates in diarrheal and non-diarrheic dogs [Volume 21, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 53-64]
Dimensions of the footbathsEvaluation of the use of footbath and lameness prevalence in dairy farms of Mashhad [Volume 21, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 64-75]
DOBUTAMINEEvaluation of electrocardiogram changes in normovolemic hypotensive dogs treated with fluids alone or in combination with ephedrine or dobutamine [Volume 21, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 89-97]
DogComparison of the effect of intraosseous and intravenous administration of midazolam-ketamine on clinical, cardiopulmonary and hematological parameters in dogs [Volume 21, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 52-63]
DogThe effect of positioning on renal dimension in healthy dogs by ultrasonography [Volume 21, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 41-51]
DogEvaluation of hematology and some biochemical serum factors following experimental unilateral ureteral anastomosis in dogs [Volume 21, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 68-77]
DogEvaluation of electrocardiogram changes in normovolemic hypotensive dogs treated with fluids alone or in combination with ephedrine or dobutamine [Volume 21, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 89-97]
DogDetermination of phylogenetic groups, phenotypic identification of broad-spectrum beta-lactamases, and determination of antibiotic sensitivity profiles in Escherichia coli isolates in diarrheal and non-diarrheic dogs [Volume 21, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 53-64]
E
ElectrocardiogramEvaluation of electrocardiogram changes in normovolemic hypotensive dogs treated with fluids alone or in combination with ephedrine or dobutamine [Volume 21, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 89-97]
EntrotoxemiaPersistence of Maternal-Derived Antibody against Clostridium Perfringens Type D Epsilon Toxin in Goat Kids [Volume 21, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 5-10]
EphedrineEvaluation of electrocardiogram changes in normovolemic hypotensive dogs treated with fluids alone or in combination with ephedrine or dobutamine [Volume 21, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 89-97]
EpidemiologyAssessment of knowledge, attitude, and practice of livestock farmers to parasitic diseases and resistance to antiparasitic drugs in Khuzestan province [Volume 21, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 65-89]
F
Female dogsComparison of intraperitoneal medetomidine and paraincisional bupivacaine on post-operative pain management of ovariohysterectomy in dogs [Volume 21, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 97-115]
FetusEffects of fish oil supplementation against formaldehyde-induced congenital skeletal anomalies in Wistar rats [Volume 21, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 44-56]
Fish oilEffects of fish oil supplementation against formaldehyde-induced congenital skeletal anomalies in Wistar rats [Volume 21, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 44-56]
Flunixin MeglumineEvaluating the effect of oxytocin or carbetocin combined with flunixin meglumine administration and uterine lavage on the treatment of persistent-breeding induced endometritis in Dare-shuri mares [Volume 21, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 73-84]
FootbathEvaluation of the use of footbath and lameness prevalence in dairy farms of Mashhad [Volume 21, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 64-75]
FormaldehydeEffects of fish oil supplementation against formaldehyde-induced congenital skeletal anomalies in Wistar rats [Volume 21, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 44-56]
G
Gene expressionExpression profiles of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes in milk somatic cells at different stages of the first lactation in Holstein dairy cattle [Volume 21, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 85-96]
GenotypingChicken Major Histocompatibility Complex Genotyping by High Resolution Melting Analysis [Volume 21, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 43-52]
Guinea pig (Cavia porcellus)Morphologic and morphometric study of the lumbosacral vertebrae in guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) based on CT scan images [Volume 21, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 57-72]
H
Hematobiochemical effectsComparative Evaluation of Sedative and Hematologic and Biochemical Effects of Intravenous Administration of Xylazine, Detomidine, Medetomidine, and Dexmedetomidine in Caspian Miniature Horses [Volume 21, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 54-67]
High Resolution Melting AnalysisChicken Major Histocompatibility Complex Genotyping by High Resolution Melting Analysis [Volume 21, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 43-52]
HistogenesisA study of the Histogenesis and development of the pancreas of the Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) embryos [Volume 21, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 78-88]
HypotensionEvaluation of electrocardiogram changes in normovolemic hypotensive dogs treated with fluids alone or in combination with ephedrine or dobutamine [Volume 21, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 89-97]
I
Immune responseImproving immune system and antioxidant status in Japanese quails through biochar supplementation [Volume 21, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 116-126]
Infectious hoof diseasesEvaluation of the use of footbath and lameness prevalence in dairy farms of Mashhad [Volume 21, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 64-75]
Intestine bacteriaThe effect of quorum quenching probiotics on modulated digestive enzymes activity, growth performance, gut microfora and biochemical parameters in Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) [Volume 21, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 25-43]
IntraosseousComparison of the effect of intraosseous and intravenous administration of midazolam-ketamine on clinical, cardiopulmonary and hematological parameters in dogs [Volume 21, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 52-63]
IraqMolecular Detection of Tick-Borne Hemoparasites (Theileria, Babesia and Anaplasma) in Stray Dogs using Nested PCR [Volume 21, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 22-29]
K
KetamineComparison of the effect of intraosseous and intravenous administration of midazolam-ketamine on clinical, cardiopulmonary and hematological parameters in dogs [Volume 21, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 52-63]
Kidney DimensionThe effect of positioning on renal dimension in healthy dogs by ultrasonography [Volume 21, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 41-51]
KnowledgeAssessment of knowledge, attitude, and practice of livestock farmers to parasitic diseases and resistance to antiparasitic drugs in Khuzestan province [Volume 21, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 65-89]
L
LactamasePresence of certain extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) genes in fecal strains of Escherichia coli from dogs and the antibiotic sensitivity of the isolates [Volume 21, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 11-21]
Lactiplantibacillus plantarumThe effect of oral administration of encapsulated Lactiplantibacil-lus plantarum on the efficacy and immunogenicity of Aeromonas hydrophila vaccine in common carp [Volume 21, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 5-24]
LidocaineEvaluation of local or intravenous administration of dexamethasone on brachial plexus block with lidocaine in sheep [Volume 21, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 32-40]
Livestock farmersAssessment of knowledge, attitude, and practice of livestock farmers to parasitic diseases and resistance to antiparasitic drugs in Khuzestan province [Volume 21, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 65-89]
Live weight lossInvestigation of Risk Factors Affecting Mortality, Weight Loss During Transportation, and Slaughterhouse Condemnation in Broiler Chickens: A Case Study in an Industrial Slaughterhouse in Shiraz County [Volume 21, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 24-34]
Low protein dietsThe effect of different levels of tryptophan on performance, some blood parameters, antioxidant capacity and intestinal morphology of broiler chicken [Volume 21, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 14-23]
Lumbosacral vertebraeMorphologic and morphometric study of the lumbosacral vertebrae in guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) based on CT scan images [Volume 21, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 57-72]
M
Major Histocompatibility ComplexChicken Major Histocompatibility Complex Genotyping by High Resolution Melting Analysis [Volume 21, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 43-52]
ManagementThe Impact of Nutritional Management, Herd Size, and Geographical Location on Heavy Metal Concentrations in Livestock Products: A Case Study in Dairy Farms of Isfahan Province [Volume 21, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 18-31]
MedetomidineComparison of intraperitoneal medetomidine and paraincisional bupivacaine on post-operative pain management of ovariohysterectomy in dogs [Volume 21, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 97-115]
Melting Temperature AnalysisChicken Major Histocompatibility Complex Genotyping by High Resolution Melting Analysis [Volume 21, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 43-52]
Microbial floraThe effect of quorum quenching probiotics on modulated digestive enzymes activity, growth performance, gut microfora and biochemical parameters in Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) [Volume 21, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 25-43]
MicroencapsulationThe effect of oral administration of encapsulated Lactiplantibacil-lus plantarum on the efficacy and immunogenicity of Aeromonas hydrophila vaccine in common carp [Volume 21, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 5-24]
MidazolamComparison of the effect of intraosseous and intravenous administration of midazolam-ketamine on clinical, cardiopulmonary and hematological parameters in dogs [Volume 21, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 52-63]
MorphometricMorphologic and morphometric study of the lumbosacral vertebrae in guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) based on CT scan images [Volume 21, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 57-72]
Multispecies husbandryMolecular and hematological investigation on Anaplasma marginale infection in Najdi and native goats in Ahvaz [Volume 21, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 89-97]
N
Najdi GoatMolecular and hematological investigation on Anaplasma marginale infection in Najdi and native goats in Ahvaz [Volume 21, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 89-97]
Nano-chromium picolinateEvaluation of the Effects of Nano-Chromium and Chromium on Serum Changes of Some Minerals in High-Producing Holstein Cows [Volume 21, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 5-13]
Nested PCR assayMolecular Detection of Tick-Borne Hemoparasites (Theileria, Babesia and Anaplasma) in Stray Dogs using Nested PCR [Volume 21, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 22-29]
NicotineProtective effect of ellagic acid on epididymal sperm profile changes and testicular tissue apoptosis in male rats receiving nicotine [Volume 21, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 30-41]
O
OvariohysterectomyComparison of intraperitoneal medetomidine and paraincisional bupivacaine on post-operative pain management of ovariohysterectomy in dogs [Volume 21, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 97-115]
P
Pain managementComparison of intraperitoneal medetomidine and paraincisional bupivacaine on post-operative pain management of ovariohysterectomy in dogs [Volume 21, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 97-115]
ParasiteInvestigating the effect of levamisole on some oxidative stress factors in Caspian tortoises [Volume 21, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 76-88]
Parasitic DiseasesAssessment of knowledge, attitude, and practice of livestock farmers to parasitic diseases and resistance to antiparasitic drugs in Khuzestan province [Volume 21, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 65-89]
PathologyCongenital vascular hamartoma of the gingiva in a calf [Volume 21, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 98-102]
PCRMolecular and hematological investigation on Anaplasma marginale infection in Najdi and native goats in Ahvaz [Volume 21, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 89-97]
Persistent Breeding-Induced EndometritisEvaluating the effect of oxytocin or carbetocin combined with flunixin meglumine administration and uterine lavage on the treatment of persistent-breeding induced endometritis in Dare-shuri mares [Volume 21, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 73-84]
Pheasant embryoA study of the Histogenesis and development of the pancreas of the Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) embryos [Volume 21, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 78-88]
Pistachio by-productsImproving immune system and antioxidant status in Japanese quails through biochar supplementation [Volume 21, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 116-126]
PollutionThe Impact of Nutritional Management, Herd Size, and Geographical Location on Heavy Metal Concentrations in Livestock Products: A Case Study in Dairy Farms of Isfahan Province [Volume 21, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 18-31]
PositioningThe effect of positioning on renal dimension in healthy dogs by ultrasonography [Volume 21, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 41-51]
PracticeAssessment of knowledge, attitude, and practice of livestock farmers to parasitic diseases and resistance to antiparasitic drugs in Khuzestan province [Volume 21, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 65-89]
Prevalence of lamenessEvaluation of the use of footbath and lameness prevalence in dairy farms of Mashhad [Volume 21, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 64-75]
PVRL3Effect of Dietary Supplementation with Rosemary Essential Oil and Selenium on Fertility Gene Expression in Broiler Breeder Roosters [Volume 21, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 42-53]
R
RatEffects of fish oil supplementation against formaldehyde-induced congenital skeletal anomalies in Wistar rats [Volume 21, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 44-56]
RatsThe effect of alpha-pinene on anxiety-like behaviors in acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in rats: The gut-brain axis [Volume 21, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 35-42]
Reproductive toxicityProtective effect of ellagic acid on epididymal sperm profile changes and testicular tissue apoptosis in male rats receiving nicotine [Volume 21, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 30-41]
RosemaryEffect of Dietary Supplementation with Rosemary Essential Oil and Selenium on Fertility Gene Expression in Broiler Breeder Roosters [Volume 21, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 42-53]
S
SedationComparative Evaluation of Sedative and Hematologic and Biochemical Effects of Intravenous Administration of Xylazine, Detomidine, Medetomidine, and Dexmedetomidine in Caspian Miniature Horses [Volume 21, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 54-67]
Serum mineralsEvaluation of the Effects of Nano-Chromium and Chromium on Serum Changes of Some Minerals in High-Producing Holstein Cows [Volume 21, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 5-13]
SheepEvaluation of local or intravenous administration of dexamethasone on brachial plexus block with lidocaine in sheep [Volume 21, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 32-40]
Silver nanoparticlesThe Effect of silver nanoparticles synthesized by macroalga Cystoseira indica on selected immune parameters of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) [Volume 21, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 5-17]
Simmental breedCongenital vascular hamartoma of the gingiva in a calf [Volume 21, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 98-102]
Slaughterhouse condemnationInvestigation of Risk Factors Affecting Mortality, Weight Loss During Transportation, and Slaughterhouse Condemnation in Broiler Chickens: A Case Study in an Industrial Slaughterhouse in Shiraz County [Volume 21, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 24-34]
Smear microscopyMolecular and hematological investigation on Anaplasma marginale infection in Najdi and native goats in Ahvaz [Volume 21, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 89-97]
Spectrum BetaPresence of certain extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) genes in fecal strains of Escherichia coli from dogs and the antibiotic sensitivity of the isolates [Volume 21, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 11-21]
Stray dogMolecular Detection of Tick-Borne Hemoparasites (Theileria, Babesia and Anaplasma) in Stray Dogs using Nested PCR [Volume 21, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 22-29]
T
TestisProtective effect of ellagic acid on epididymal sperm profile changes and testicular tissue apoptosis in male rats receiving nicotine [Volume 21, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 30-41]
TNF-AThe effect of alpha-pinene on anxiety-like behaviors in acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in rats: The gut-brain axis [Volume 21, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 35-42]
Transportation mortalityInvestigation of Risk Factors Affecting Mortality, Weight Loss During Transportation, and Slaughterhouse Condemnation in Broiler Chickens: A Case Study in an Industrial Slaughterhouse in Shiraz County [Volume 21, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 24-34]
TurtleInvestigating the effect of levamisole on some oxidative stress factors in Caspian tortoises [Volume 21, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 76-88]
U
Ulcerative colitisThe effect of alpha-pinene on anxiety-like behaviors in acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in rats: The gut-brain axis [Volume 21, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 35-42]
UltrasonographyThe effect of positioning on renal dimension in healthy dogs by ultrasonography [Volume 21, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 41-51]
UrinalysisEvaluation of hematology and some biochemical serum factors following experimental unilateral ureteral anastomosis in dogs [Volume 21, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 68-77]
V
VaccinePersistence of Maternal-Derived Antibody against Clostridium Perfringens Type D Epsilon Toxin in Goat Kids [Volume 21, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 5-10]