Iranian Veterinary Journal

Iranian Veterinary Journal

Evaluation of the correlation between renal dimensions and volume in ultrasonography and real measurement in dogs

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors
Alireza Ghadiri 1
Reza Avizeh 1
Ali Baniadam 2
Shahrzad Samimi 3
1 Professor, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
2 Associated Professor, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
3 DVM Graduted, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
10.22055/ivj.2023.361205.2498
Abstract
    The main objective of this study was to compare the accuracy of renal volume measured with ultrasonography to real volume in ten native dogs that were candidates for euthanasia due to severe injuries sustained in traffic accidents. Furthermore, correlations of renal dimensions in ultrasonography, such as length, width, and height, were determined with real ones. Initially, the dimensions of the right and left kidneys were determined using ultrasonography. Renal volume was measured using two different methods. The first method consisted of choosing automatic volume measurement in an ultrasonography unit. The volume formula of a prolonged ellipsoid (length × width × height × 0.523) was used in the second method. The real renal dimensions (golden standard) were measured during celiotomy and after necropsy, and the true volume of kidneys was calculated using water displacement. Linear regression analysis was used to determine correlations between renal dimensions and volume in ultrasonography with real ones. Results showed that renal dimensions and volume measured in ultrasonography were lower than actual measurements. There were positive and statistically significant correlations between renal volume in ultrasonography and actual renal volume. However, the correlation coefficient (r) of volume determined by the formula was greater than that of the automatic volume method, and its mean was closer to that of the real volume mean. There were also positive and significant correlations between renal dimensions measured with ultrasonography and those measured in real measurement. No significant difference was found between renal dimensions measured during celiotomy and after necropsy. These findings indicate that ultrasonographic measurements underestimated renal dimensions and volume, and the formula method provided more accurate results than the automatic volume method.
Keywords
Ultrasonography
Renal Dimension
Renal volume
Dog

Subjects

Barella, G., Lodi, M., Sabbadin, L. A. & Faverzani, S. (2012). A new method for ultrasonographic measurement of kidney size in healthy dogs. Journal of Ultrasound, 15(3), 186-191.
Barr, F. J. (1990). Evaluation of ultrasound as a method of assessing renal size in the dog. Journal of Small Animal Practice, 31(4), 174-179.
Barr, F. J., Holt, P. E. & Gibbs, C. (1990). Ultrasonographic measurement of normal renal parameters. Journal of Small Animal Practice, 31(4), 180-184.
Beige, J., Lothar, P., Treutler, T., Loffler, S., Feja, C. & Hamza, A. (2015). Kidney ultrasound in human cadavers: usefulness for clinical biopsy training and accuracy of volume estimation. International Journal of Scientific Research, 4(1), 346-350.
d'Anjou M. A. (2015). Kidney and Ureters, In: Penninck, D. P, & d'Anjou, M. A, Atlas of Small Animal Ultrasonography (2nd Edition), Wiley Blackwell Science. Iowa, USA, Pp. 331-362.
Felkai, C. S., Voros, K., Vrabely, T. & Karsai, F. (1992). Ultrasonographic determination of renal volume in the dog. Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound, 33(5), 292–296.
Ghadiri, A., Mosallanejad, B., Pourmahdi Borujeni, M. & Bashiri, S. (2015). Ultrasonographic evaluation of correlation between renal, prostatic gland and testicular dimensions in healthy dogs. Iranian Veterinary Journal, 11(3), 80-86.
Gilja, O. H., Hausken. T., Berstad. A. & Odegaard, S. (1999). Measurements of organ volume by ultrasonography. Proceeding of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H, Journal of Engineering in Medicine, 213(3), 247-259.
Kealy, J. K. (2011). The Urinary System. In: J. K, Kealy, & Mc Allister, H. Diagnostic Radiology and Ultrasonography of the Dog and Cat (4th Edition), St. Louis: Mosby. USA, Pp. 112-117.
Molazem, M., Vajhi, A. R. & Masoudi Fard, M. (2006). Possibility and reproducibility of renal assessing and size measurement by three-dimensional vs two-dimensional ultrasonography in dogs. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery, 1(1), 82-87.
Nyland, T. G. & Kantrowitz, B. M. (1989). Ultrasonic determination of kidney volume in the dog. Veterinary Radiology, 30(4), 174-180.
Partik, B. L., Stadler, A., Schamp, S., Koller, A., Voracek, M., Heinz, G. & Helbich T. H. (2002). 3D versus 2D ultrasound: accuracy of volume measurement in human cadaver kidneys. Investigative Radiology, 37(9), 489-495.
Vajhi, A., Rajabioun, M., Molazem, M. & Sharifi, H. (2010). Ultrasonographic volumetry of the canine thyroid gland: a comparison of 2D, 3D ultrasonography and real gland volume. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery, 05(1-2), 45-50.
Wood, A. K. & McCarthy, P. H. (1990). Ultrasonographic- anatomic correlation and imaging protocol of the normal canine kidney. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 51(1), 103-108.