Effect of myrtle essential oil (MEO) on gene expression of cytokine profiles in the small intestine of broiler chicken

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Associate Professor, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Technology, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran

2 Ph.D student of Animal genetic and Breeding, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Technology, Agricultural sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran

10.22055/ivj.2023.366039.2514

Abstract

    Myrtle essential oil (MEO) has antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. Especially, tannins and flavonoids in MEO have antioxidant properties. So, it can be expected that MEO can affect the immune system of broilers. Therefore, in this research, the effect of MEO on the gene expression of cytokines (IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10) in the tissues of the small intestine of broiler chickens was investigated. For this purpose, 120 Ross 308 broiler chicks in a completely randomized design with 2 treatments, 5 replicates and 12 chicks were used in each replicate. The treatments included: 1- control diet, 2- basal diet plus 250 mg / kg MEO. After 42 days, at the end of testing one chickens each replicate were slaughtered and their tissues were excised quickly and transported with liquid nitrogen to the laboratory. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure the expression of the cytokines. Analysis of variance showed that the addition of 250 mg/kg of the myrtle essential oil (MEO) in the diet of broiler chickens had no significant effect on IL-2 and IL-10 gene expression. While the expression of IL-1 and IL-4 genes had a significant effect. These results indicate that the myrtle essential oil can play a role in the cellular immune response in the small intestine of broiler chicken by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines. So, the anti-inflammatory aspect of MEO could be used by adding it to the diet of broilers.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

Asano, M. and Komiyama, K. (2011). Polymeric immunoglobulin receptor. Journal of Oral Science, 53(2), 147–156.
Bouzabata, A., Bazzali, O., Cabral, C., Goncalves, M., Cruz, J., Bighelli, M., Tomi, A. and Salgueiro, L. (2015). Myrtus communis L. as source of a bioactive and safe essential oil. Journal Food and Chemical Toxicology, 75, 166–172.
Chu, WM. (2013). Tumor necrosis factor. Cancer Lett, 328(2), 222-5.
Hotta, M., Nakata, R., Katsukawa, M., Hori, K., Takahashi, S. and Inoue, H. (2009). Carvacrol, a component of thyme oil, activates PPAR and suppresses COX-2 expression. Journal of Lipid Res, 51, 132–139.
Ipu, M. A., Akhtar, M. S., Anjumi, M. I. and Raja, M. L. (2006). New dimension of medicinal plants as animal feed. Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 26, 144-148.
Juergens, U., Dethlefsen, U., Steinkamp, G., Gillissen, A., Repges, R. and Vetter, H. (2003). Anti-inflammatory activity of 1.8-cineol (eucalyptol) in bronchial asthma: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Respir Med, 97, 250-256.
Kaetzel, CS. (2005). The polymeric immunoglobulin receptor: bridging innate and adaptive immune responses at mucosal surfaces. Immunological Reviews, 206, 83–99.
Lammers, A., Wieland, W.H., Kruijt, L., Jansma, A., Straetemans, T., Schots, A., den Hartog, G. and Parmentier, H.K. (2010). Successive immunoglobulin and cytokine expression in the small intestine of juvenile chicken. Developmental and Comparative Immunology, 34(12), 1254-62. 
Lee, K.W., Everts, H. and Eynen, A. C. (2004). Essential oils in Broiler Nutrition. International Journal of poultry Science, 3(12), 738-752.
Mosavi S. T., Beigi Nassiri M T., Roshanfekr H R., Nazari M. and ghorbani M R G. (2022). The Effect of Vitex Agnuse Castus Fruits Powder on Oviduct Markers Gene Expression of Laying Hens. Research on animal production, 13 (38), 138-146 (In Persian).
Moses, H.L., Roberts, A.B. and Erynck, R. (2016). The Discovery and Early Days of TGF-β: A Historical Perspective. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology, 8(7), a021865.
Najibzadeh, N., Mohammadi-Saeei, M., Golchin-Gelehdooni, S. and arahmadi, B. (2018). Effects of Myrtle essential oil on intestinal morphology, antibody titer and blood parameters of broiler chickens. Research on Animal Production, 9 (21), pp.10-17 (In Persian).
Nobakht, E. and Muhaghegh Dolatabadi, M. (2018). Expression analysis of IFN -γ, IL -2 and IL -13 genes in Thymus tissue of broiler chickens fed with different levels of oak acorn. Modern genetics Journal, 13(2), 197-203 (In Persian).
Opal, SM., and DePalo, VA. (2000). Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines, impact of basic research on tomorrow’s medicine. CHEST, 117(4), 1162–1172.
Ozek, T., Demirci, B. and Baser, K. (2000). Chemical composition of Turkish myrtle oil. Journal of essential oil research, 12, 541-544.
Pfaffl, M. W.; Horgan, GW. and Dempfle, L. (2002). Relative expression software tool (REST©) for group-wise comparison and statistical analysis of relative expression results in real-time PCR. Nucleic Acids Research, 30, pp.1-10
Pfeffer, K. (2003). Biological functions of tumor necrosis factor cytokines and their receptors. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev, 14(3-4), 185-91.
Rabieh, M., Rooshanfekr, H., Nazari, M. and Ghorbani, M.R. (2020). Gene expression of antioxidant enzymes fed wild pistachio (Pistachio atlantica), purslane (portulaca oleracea) extract and vitamin E under in broiler chickens under heat stress condition. Iranian Veterinary Journal, 17(2), 51-60 (In Persian).
Rosa, A., Melis, M. P., Deian, M., Atzeri, A., Appendino, V. and Corona, G. (2008). Protective effect of the oligomeric acylphoroglucinols from Myrtus communis on cholesterol and human low density lipoprotein oxidation. Chemistry and physics of lipids, (155), 16-23.
Sabahi, R., Nazari, M., Beigi Nassiri, M.T. and Ghorbani, M.R. (2020). The Effect of Vitex Agnuse Castus Fruit Powder on Hypothalamic GnRH Gene Expression in Laying Hens. Research on Animal Production, 11 (30), 92-100 (In Persian).
Sandner, G., Heckmann, M. and Weghuber, J. (2020). Immunomodulatory Activities of Selected Essential Oils. Biomolecules, 10(8), 1139. 
Scarpioni, R., Ricardi, M. and Albertazzi, V. (2016). Secondary amyloidosis in autoinflammatory diseases and the role of inflammation in renal damage. World J Nephrol, 5(1), 66-75.
Schnitzler, P., Schon, K. and Reichling, J. (2001). Antiviral activity of Australian tea tree oil and eucalyptus oil against herpes simplex virus in cell culture. Pharmazie, 56, 343-347.
Schroder, K., Hertzog, PJ., Ravasi, T. and Hume, DA. (2004). Interferon-gamma: an overview of signals, mechanisms and functions. Journal of Leukocyte Biology, 75(2), 163–189.
Serafino, A., Sinibaldi Vallebona, P., Andreola, F., Zonfrillo, M., Mercuri, L., Federici, M., Rasi, G., Garaci, E. and Pierimarchi, P. (2008). Stimulatory effect of Eucalyptus essential oil on innate cell-mediated immune response. BMC Immunology, 18(9), 17.
Shojaeian, K., Habibi, R., Shahryari, R. and Jalilvand, G. (2017). Effects of different levels of Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globules) leaf powder on performance, carcass characteristics and immune response of broiler chicks. Journal of Animal Science Research, 27 (1), 81-94 (In Persian).
Takarada, K., Kimizuka, R., Takahashi, N., Honma, K., Okuda, K. and Kato, T. (2004). A comparison of the antibacterial efficacies of essential oils against oral pathogens. Oral Microbiol Immunol, 19: 61-64.
Taki, A., Salari, S., Boujarpour, M., Sari, M. and Taghizadeh, M. (2015). Effects of feeding various levels of Lavandula stoechas essence on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of egg, some blood parameters, and morphological changes of ovary in laying hens. Iranian Veterinary Journal, 11(1), 43-55 (In Persian).
Tayal, V. and Singh Kalra, B. (2007). Cytokines and anti-cytokines as therapeutics — An update. European Journal of Pharmacology, 579, 1–12.
Yadegarinia, D., Gachkar, L., Rezaei, M. B., Taghizadeh, M., Astaneh-Alipoor, S. and Rasooli, I. (2006). Biochemical activities of Iranian Mentha piperita. L and Myrtus communis. L essential oils. Photochemistry, 67, 1249‐1255.
Zainali, S., Ghazanfari, Sh., and Ebrahimi, M. A. (2013). The effect of plant essential oils (Myrtus - Artemisia) on mucin gene expression in the intestinal tissue of broiler chickens. The first international congress and the 13th Iranian genetics congress, Tehran.

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics