The Effect of different concentrations of ammonia on histomorphometry of kidney and some blood factors of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 PhD Graduate of Histology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

2 Professor, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

3 Professor, Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Khorramshahr University of Marine Sciences and Technology, Khorramshahr, Iran

Abstract

    In the present study, Oreochromis niloticus juveniles were exposed to 10, 20, and 30% (96h LC50) of ammonia for two weeks. After this period, the fish were anesthetized and blood samples were taken from the caudal peduncle with a heparin-coated syringe to evaluate blood parameters. The 0.5 cm samples of the kidney tissue were taken, fixed in 10% formalin buffer, and after dehydration with alcohol, clarification with xylol, blocking with paraffin and cutting 4-6 microns thick with a microtome. Finally, the stained slides were studied with a light microscope. The results showed an enlarged Bowman's capsule, hyaline accumulation, epithelial detachment, increased melanomacrophage centers, necrotic glomeruli, and tubules in the kidneys after ammonia exposure. In the studies of blood serum factors with the increase of ammonia, cholesterol and BUN compared to the control and other groups. As the ammonia concentration increased, the severity of the lesions also increased. Therefore, ammonia causes changes in the structure and activity of some factors of the kidneys, which must be controlled by creating the appropriate ammonia and management conditions in the aquatic environment.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

Abdelghany, A. (2020). Food and feeding habits of Nile tilapia from the Nile River at Cairo, Egypt. Fish Farming Technology, P, 447-54.
Au, D. (2004). The application of histo-cytopathological biomarkers in marine pollution monitoring: a review. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 48(9-10), 817-834.
Basir, Z., & Peyghan, R. (2016). The process of kidney gradually changes in, Tenualosa ilisha during migration from the sea to the river. Journal of Persian Gulf, 7(26), 47-56.
Basir, Z. & Peyghan, R. (2019). Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study of the effect of different salinities on gill chloride cells of Cyprinus Carpio. Iran Fisheries Science Journal, 28(5), 131-141.
Becke, C., Schumann, M., & Steinhagen, D. (2019). Effects of unionized ammonia and suspended solids on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in recirculating aquaculture systems. Aquaculture, 499, 348-57.
Dastan, V., Abdi, R., Movahedinia, A., & Salari-Aliabadi, MA. (2017). Study of gill and kidney tissue changes in Tenualosa ilisha during migration from sea to the Karun and Bahmanshir rivers. Iranian Scientific Fisheries Journal, 25(4), 53-62.
El‐Sayed, Y.S., & Saad, T.T. (2008).Subacute Intoxication of a Deltamethrin‐Based Preparation (Butox® 5% EC) in Monosex Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus L. Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology, 102(3),293-299.
Ferreira, I.A., & Martins, C. (2008). Physical chromosome mapping of repetitive DNA sequences in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus: evidence for a differential distribution of repetitive elements in the sex chromosomes. Micron, 39(4), 411-418.
Gammerdinger, W.J., Conte, M.A., & Baroiller, J. (2016). Comparative analysis of a sex chromosome from the blackchin tilapia, Sarotherodon melanotheron. BMC Genomics, 17(1), 1-10.
Gomes, J.M., Ribeiro, H.J., & Procopio, M.S. (2015). What the erythrocytic nuclear alteration frequencies could tell us about genotoxicity and macrophage iron storage. PloS one, 10(11), e0143029.
Hoseini, S.M., Yousefi, M., & Hoseinifar, S.H. (2019). Antioxidant, enzymatic and hematological responses of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fed with myrcene-or menthol-supplemented diets and exposed to ambient ammonia. Aquaculture, 506, 246-55.
Isani, G., Letizia Falcioni, M., & Barucca, G. (2013). Comparative toxicity of CuO nanoparticles and CuSO4 in rainbow trout. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 97, 40-46.
Jeney, G., Nemcsok, J., & Jeney, Z. (1992). Acute effect of sublethal ammonia concentrations on common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). II. Effect of ammonia on blood plasma transaminases (GOT, GPT), G1DH enzyme activity, and ATP value. Aquaculture,104(1-2), 149-156.
Khalil, S.R., Abd Elhakim, Y., & El-Murr, A.E. (2016). Sublethal concentrations of di-n-butyl phthalate promote biochemical changes and DNA damage in juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Japanese Journal of Veterinary Research, 64(1), 67-80.
Kim, J.H., Kang, Y.J., & Kim, K.I. (2019). Toxic effects of nitrogenous compounds (ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate) on acute toxicity and antioxidant responses of juvenile olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. Environmental Toxicology Pharmacology, 67, 73-78.
Latif, A., Khalid, M., & Ali, M. (2014). Evaluation of toxic stress of copper sulfate and lead nitrate on hematological and serum biochemical characteristics of freshwater cyprinid (Labeo rohita). International Journal of Engineering and Techniques, 4(1), 366-372.
Lim, M.Y., Zimmer, A.M., & Wood, C.M. (2015). Acute exposure to waterborne copper inhibits both the excretion and uptake of ammonia in freshwater rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology,168, 48-54.
Magouz, F.I., Mahmoud, S.A., & El-Morsy, R.A. (2021). Dietary menthol essential oil enhanced the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, immune-related genes, and resistance against acute ammonia exposure in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Aquaculture, 530, 735944.
Metwally, M., & Wafeek, M. (2014). Effect of ammonia toxicity on carbohydrate metabolism in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). World Journal of Fish and Marine Sciences, 6 (3), 252-261.
Morovvati, H., Abdi, R., & Shamsi, M.M. (2017). Effect of different salinity concentrations on the gill of benni Barbus sharpeyi. Journal of Veterinary Research, 72(2).
Morovvati, H., Zolgharnein, H., Noori Moghahi, M.H., Abdi, R., & Ghazilou, A. (2012). Alterations to chloride cells of the secondary lamella and gill branches of spotted scat (Scatophagus argus L.) in different salinities. Journal of Veterinary Research, 67(2), 109-17.
Naderi, S., Abdi, R., Navabi, M.B., & Movahedinia, A. (2014). Distribution Pattern of Main Mucus Secretory Cells in Different Parts of Epiderm in Epinephelus coioides. International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology, 3(5), 630-3.
Peebua, P., Kruatrachue, M., & Pokethitiyook, P. (2008). Histopathological alterations of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus in acute and subchronic alachlor exposure. Journal of Environmental Biology, 29(3), 325-31.
Pérez, M.R., Rossi, A.S., & Bacchetta, C. (2018). In situ evaluation of the toxicological impact of wastewater effluent on the fish Prochilodus lineatus: biochemical and histological assessment. Ecology Indicator, 84, 345-353.
Saha, S., & Kaviraj, A. (2003). Acute toxicity of synthetic pyrethroid cypermethrin to freshwater catfish Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch). International Journal of Toxicology, 22(4), 325-328.
Savari, S., Safahieh, A., Archangi, B., Savari, A., & Abdi, R. (2013). Brain anatomy and histology of orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides). Journal of the Persian Gulf, 4(14), 1-13.
Zeitoun, M.M., EL-Azrak, K., & Zaki, M.A. (2016). Effects of ammonia toxicity on growth performance, cortisol, glucose, and the hematological response of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Aceh Journal of Animal Science, 1(1), 21-8.
Zimmer, A.M., & Wood, C.M. (2016). Physiological and molecular ontogeny of branchial and extra-branchial urea excretion in post-hatch rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 310(3), R305-R312.

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics