تغییرات فصلی معکوس در آفلاتوکسین M1 شیر مخزن و آفلاتوکسین B1 جیره: نتایج مطالعه ای آینده نگر در گاوداری های منتخب استان قزوین، ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترای تخصصی بهداشت خوراک دام، دانشکده دامپزشکی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران

2 استاد گروه مدیریت بهداشت دام، دانشکده دامپزشکی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران

3 دانشیار گروه مدیریت بهداشت دام، دانشکده دامپزشکی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران

4 استاد، گروه بهداشت و کنترل کیفی مواد غذایی، دانشکده دامپزشکی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران

چکیده

    آفلاتوکسین (AFM1) M1 در شیر مخزن (72=n) و آفلاتوکسین (AFB1) B1 در جیره‌های در دست اجرا (48=n؛ TMRs) و اجزای خوراک (230=n) در 12 گاوداری در زمستان و تابستان ارزیابی شدند.  شیر مخزن در روزهای 1، 15 و 30 مطالعه و خوراک در روزهای 1 و 30 نمونه‌برداری شد.  آفلاتوکسین با استفاده از کیت‌های الایزا (محدوده تشخیص: 1 تا 81 ngkg-1 برای شیر و 25/1 تا 25/101 ngkg-1 برای خوراک) اندازه‌گیری شد.  AFM1 در تمام نمونه‌های شیر شناسایی شد (محدوده: 2.03 تا بیش از 81 ngkg-1 ؛ میانه: 70 ngkg-1).  به طور کلی، 76 درصد از نمونه‌های شیر (55 نمونه از جمع 76) دارای سطوح  AFM1 کم­تر از 81 ngkg-1 بودند (استاندارد ایران: 100 ngkg-1).  آلودگی بیش از 81 ngkg-1 (17 نمونه از جمع 72؛ 24 درصد) در زمستان شایع‌تر بود (15 نمونه در مقایسه با 2 نمونه، هر یک از جمع 36).  69 درصد از نمونه‌های زمستان (25 از 36) و 31 درصد از نمونه‌های تابستان (11 از 36)  آلودگی بالاتر از میانه داشتند.  احتمال آلودگی بالاتر از میانه در زمستان بیش­تر بود (007/0=P؛ 33/5=OR).  همه TMRها (002/0P<) و اجزای خوراک (005/0P<)  در تابستان آلودگی بیش­تری داشتند.  70 درصد TMR های تابستان و 30 درصد TMRهای زمستان آلودگی بالاتر از میانه (716 ngkg-1) داشتند.  احتمال آلودگی TMR بالاتر از میانه در تابستان بیش­تر بود (002/0=P؛ 57/5=OR).  سطوح کم­تر AFM1 در تابستان می‌تواند به دلیل کاهش متابولیسم AFB1 کبدی و مصرف کم­تر ماده خشک ناشی از تنش گرمایی باشد.  مخلوط کنسانتره (001/0=P؛ 9/0=rs)، سیلاژ ذرت (001/0=P؛ 66/0=rs) (rs=0.66; P=0.001) و تفاله چغندر مرطوب (005/0=P؛ 68/0=rs) برجسته‌ترین آلاینده‌های TMR بودند.  با توجه به محدودیت‌های کیت تشخیصی و شرایط مختلف تغذیه‌ای در طول سال، احتمال آلودگی‌های بالاتر یا پایین‌تر AFM1 وجود دارد.  در صورت تداوم روش­های فعلی تغذیه­ای، اگر تنش گرمایی به طور مؤثر کنترل شود، احتمال افزایش آلودگی‌های تابستانی وجود دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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