Evaluation of virulence and phylogenetic study of Newcastle disease virus isolated from broiler poultry farms in Mazandaran province

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Professor, Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran

3 Poultry Practitioner, Alborz Poultry Veterinary Hospital, Amol, Iran

Abstract

    Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the important viral diseases of poultry that causes considerable economic loss to breeding farms. Continuous evaluation of circulating virus genotypes and pathotypes is the crucial step to control the disease prevalence. The present study aimed to study the phylogenetic and pathogenicity indices of circulating ND virus (NDV) in poultry farms located in Mazandaran province during 2018. Following the isolation of the virus from the brains of the dead chickens in five different farms, intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) and the mean death time (MDT) were determined. For phylogenetic analysis, virus RNA was extracted and following RT-PCR, the sequence of the F gene was determined and compared with those presented in the gene bank. Results showed that the isolated viruses had ICPT of 1.97 and MDT of 56 hours, related to the velogenic pathotype and their virulence was close to the standard strains of challenge viruses. Also, based on the results of phylogenetic analysis, the isolated viruses were classified as genotype VII. By determination of phenotypic and genothipic identity of the isolated viruses, the clinical evidence showing the velogenic and visceral form of ND was confirmed. The present study showed that the NDV causing mortality in commercial poultry farms during 2018 had virulence near to standard challenge strains and belonged to VII genotype and VII.1.1 subgenotype of NDV. Therefore, the isolated virus, as a local virulent strain, could be used in challenge tests and evaluation of the preventive vaccination programs.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

Abdoshah, M., Pourbakhsh, S., Peighambari, S., Shojadoost, B., Momayez, R. & Mojahedi, Z. (2012). Pathogenicity indices of Newcastle disease viruses isolated from Iranian poultry flocks in Iran. Journal of Veterinary Research 67(2): 159-164 (In persion).
Ahmed, A. & Odisho, S. M. (2018). Isolation identification and pathotyping of newcastle disease viruses form naturally infected chickens in Iraqi Kurdistan region. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences 49(1): 132-141.
Alexander, D. (1995). The epidemiology and control of avian influenza and Newcastle disease. Journal of Comparative Pathology 112(2): 105-126.
Alexander, D. J., 2008. Newcastle disease, other avian paramyxoviruses,and pneumovirus infection. In: Shaif, Y.M., Barnes, H.J., Glisson, J.R. and McDougald, L.R. Disease of Poultry. Blackwell, Oxford, UK, pp. 75-100.
Allan, W. H., Lancaster, J. E. & Toth, B., 1978. Newcastle disease vaccines, their production and use. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
Allayari, E., Allymehr, M., Molouki, A. & Fallah, M. (2020). Molecular characterisation and phylogenetic study of the fusion gene of Newcastle disease viruses isolated from broiler farms of iran in 2018-2019. Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine1-12.
Dhaygude, V., Sawale, G., Chawak, M., Bulbule, N., Moregaonkar, S. & Gavhane, D. (2017). Molecular characterization of velogenic viscerotropic Ranikhet (Newcastle) disease virus from different outbreaks in desi chickens. Veterinary World 10(3): 319-323.
Dimitrov, K. M., Abolnik, C., Afonso, C. L., Albina, E., Bahl, J., Berg, M., Briand, F.-X., Brown, I. H., Choi, K.-S. & Chvala, I. (2019). Updated unified phylogenetic classification system and revised nomenclature for Newcastle disease virus. Infection, Genetics and Evolution 74103917.
Dortmans, J. C., Koch, G., Rottier, P. J. & Peeters, B. P. (2011). Virulence of Newcastle disease virus: what is known so far? Veterinary Research 42(1): 1-11.
Ghalyanchilangeroudi, A., Hosseini, H., Jabbarifakhr, M., Fallah Mehrabadi, M. H., Najafi, H., Ghafouri, S. A., Mousavi, F. S., Ziafati, Z. & Modiri, A. (2018). Emergence of a virulent genotype VIIi of Newcastle disease virus in Iran. Avian Pathology 47(5): 509-519.
Goudarzi, H., Borm, S., Bashashati, M., Sabouri, F., Abdoshah, M., Nouri, A., Banani, M., Ebrahimi, M. M. & Molouki, A. (2019). Characterization and full genome sequencing of a velogenic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strain Ck/IR/Beh/2011 belonging to subgenotype VII (L). Acta Virologica 63(2): 217-222.
Istimewa, D. (2016). Molecular pathotyping of Newcastle disease virus from naturally infected chickens by RT-PCR and RFLP methods. Asian Journal of Animal Sciences 10(1): 39-48.
Leitner, G., Heller, E. D., Friedman, A. J. V. i. & immunopathology (1989). Sex-related differences in immune response and survival rate of broiler chickens.  21(3-4): 249-260.
Miller, P. J., Decanini, E. L. & Afonso, C. L. (2010). Newcastle disease: evolution of genotypes and the related diagnostic challenges. Infection, Genetics and Evolution 10(1): 26-35.
Mohan, C. M., Dey, S. & Kumanan, K. (2005). Molecular changes of the fusion protein gene of chicken embryo fibroblast–adapted velogenic Newcastle disease virus: effect on its pathogenicity. Avian Diseases 49(1): 56-62.
Molouki, A., Mehrabadi, M. H. F., Bashashati, M., Akhijahani, M. M., Lim, S. H. E. & Hajloo, S. A. (2019). NDV subgenotype VII (L) is currently circulating in commercial broiler farms of Iran, 2017–2018. Tropical Animal Health and Production 51(5): 1247-1252.
OIE (2012). Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals 2009. World Organisation for Animal Health.
Pattison, M., McMullin, P., Bradbury, J. M. & Alexander, D., 2008. Poultry Diseases. Elsevier Health Sciences, London, Pp: 1-624.
Sabouri, F., Vasfi Marandi, M. & Bashashati, M. (2018). Characterization of a novel VIIl sub-genotype of Newcastle disease virus circulating in Iran. Avian Pathology 47(1): 90-99.
Smietanka, K., Minta, Z. & Domanska-Blicharz, K. (2006). Detection of Newcastle disease virus in infected chicken embryos and chicken tissues by RT-PCR. Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy 50(1): 3-7.
Strochkov, V., Burashev, Y., Sandybayev, N., Xie, G., Erkkila, T. & Cui, H. (2020). Whole Genomes of Avian orthoavulavirus 1 (Newcastle Disease Virus Genotypes VIg or new genotype XXI.) in Wild Birds in Kazakhstan. Virology and Mycology 9(1): 1-9.
van Boven, M., Bouma, A., Fabri, T. H., Katsma, E., Hartog, L. & Koch, G. (2008). Herd immunity to Newcastle disease virus in poultry by vaccination. Avian Pathology 37(1): 1-5.
Walker, P. J., Siddell, S. G., Lefkowitz, E. J., Mushegian, A. R., Dempsey, D. M., Dutilh, B. E., Harrach, B., Harrison, R. L., Hendrickson, R. C. & Junglen, S. (2019). Changes to virus taxonomy and the International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2019). Archives of Virology 164(9): 2417-2429.
Zhang, Y.-y., Shao, M.-y., Yu, X.-h., Zhao, J. & Zhang, G.-z. (2014). Molecular characterization of chicken-derived genotype VIId Newcastle disease virus isolates in China during 2005–2012 reveals a new length in hemagglutinin–neuraminidase. Infection, Genetics and Evolution 21: 359-366.
Zhu, H., Zhang, H., Wang, Y., Ciren, D., Dong, H., Wu, Q., Rehman, M. U., Nabi, F., Mehmood, K. & Li, J. (2018). Phylogenetic and pathotypic characterization of newcastle disease virus in Tibetan chickens, China. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 38(1): 37-40.

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics