Characterization of green-synthetized silver nanoparticles using Astragalus brachycalyx L. leaf extract and evaluation of its effect on diabetes in Wistar rats

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 PhD Student of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran

2 Professor, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran

3 MD Student, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

Abstract

    This experiment was carried out on diabetic rats (male Wistar rats with 210±10 g body weight) in a complete randomized design with seven replications at the Laboratory of Pharmacology group, Veterinary Faculty, Shiraz University during 2022. In the present study, A. brachycalyx leaf extract was used for the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). This study was designed to evaluate the effect of A. brachycalyx leaf extract and its silver nanoparticles on diabetic rat induced by Streptozotocin. The synthesized AgNPs using A. brachycalyx (ABLE-AgNPs) were characterized through UV-visible spectroscopy followed by X-ray diffraction, Transmission Electron Microscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Dynamic Light Scattering. A. brachycalyx extract and ABLE-AgNPs were investigated for their activities as an anti-diabetic agent in rats. The investigated treatments includes: 1. Healthy control, 2. Solvent control, 3. Diabetic rats that received A. brachycalyx extract with a dose of 100 mg/kg, 4. Diabetic rats that received A. brachycalyx extract with a dose of 200 mg/kg, 5. Diabetic rats that received 30 mg/kg of A. brachycalyx extract-AgNP and 6. Diabetic rats that received 60 mg/kg of A. brachycalyx extract-AgNP. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the synthesized particles are found to be in range of 4–25 nm size. The dyslipidemic conditions as seen in the diabetic control were found to be significantly improved in AgNPs-treated diabetic rats. Furthermore, AgNPs reduced the blood glucose level over the period of treatment. The improvement in the body weight was also found to be evidence for A. brachycalyx extract-mediated AgNPs as a potential antidiabetic agent against STZ diabetic rats. The highest weight of the rat at the end of the treatment stages belonged to treatment 6 (60 mg/kg silver nanoparticles). Treatment 2 (diabetic and not receiving medicine) showed a decrease in growth and weight. The treatment 2 showed an increasing trend in the amount of blood glucose level. While the treatments using A. brachycalyx extract and nanoparticle showed the reduction trend of blood glucose level. Blood glucose level reduction in treatment 6 was more than other treatments (71%). This study revealed that the AgNPs are found to be safe and environmentally friendly, hence, these AgNPs can be considered in treating diabetes associated syndrome.

Keywords

References

Ahmed, S.S., Prakash, K.C., Tabassum, S., Salma, N., & Devi, K.A. (2021). Antidiarrhoeal Potential of various Solvent Extracts of Achyranthes aspera against three diverse diarrhoeal animal models. Res. J. Pharm. Technol, 14,4173–4177
Alarcon-Aguilara, F.J., Roman-Ramos, R., Perez-Gutierrez, S., Aguilar-Contreras, A., Contreras-Webar, C.C., & Felores-Saenz, J.L. (1998). Study of the anti-hyperglycemic effect of plants used as antidiabetics. J. Ethnopharmacol, 61,101–110
Amin, G. (1991). Traditional medicinal plants of Iran, first volume, publications of the research assistant of the Ministry of Health. Medical Education, Tehran., 230 pages.
Anand, U., Jacobo-Herrera, N., Altemimi, A., & Lakhssassi, N. A. (2019). Comprehensive review on medicinal plants as antimicrobial therapeutics: Potential avenues of biocompatible drug discovery. Metabolites, 9,258
Anand, U., Tudu, C.K., Nandy, S., Sunita, K., Tripathi, V., Loake, G.J., Dey, A., & Pro´cków, J. (2022). Ethnodermatological use of medicinal plants in India: From ayurvedic formulations to clinical perspectives—A review. J. Ethnopharmacol, 284,114744
Anandalakshmi, K., Venugobal, J., & Ramasamy, V. (2016). Characterization of silver nanoparticles by green synthesis method using Pedalium murex leaf extract and their antibacterial activity. Appl. Nanosci, 6,399–408
Aravinthan, A., Govarthanan, M., Selvam, K., Praburaman, L., Selvankumar, T., Balamurugan, R., Kamala-Kannan, S., & Kim, J.H. (2015). Sunroot mediated synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles and evaluation of its antibacterial and rat splenocyte cytotoxic effects. Int. J. Nanomed, 10,1977–1983
Asthana, A., Verma, R., Singh, A.K., Susan, A.H., & Adhikari, R. (2016). Silver Nanoparticle Entrapped Calcium-Alginate Beads for Fe (II) Removal via Adsorption. in Macromolecular Symposia: Wiley Online Library.
Bala, N., Saha, S., Chakraborty, M., Maiti, M., Das, S., Basu, R., & Nandy, P. (2015). Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Hibiscus subdariffa leaf extract: Effect of temperature on synthesis, anti-bacterial and anti-diabetic activity, RSC Advances, 5,4993-5003
Banerjee, P., Satapathy, M., Mukhopahaya, A., & Das, P. (2014). Leaf extract mediated green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from widely available Indian plants: synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial property and toxicity analysis. Bioresour. Bioprocess, 1,3
Baynes, J.W., & Thorpe, S.R. (1996). The role of oxidative stress in diabetic complications. Endocrinol. J, 3,277–284
Bayrami, A., Haghgooie, S., Rahim Pouran, Sh., Mohammadi Arvanag, F., & Habibi-Yangjeh, A. (2020). Synergistic antidiabetic activity of ZnO nanoparticles encompassed by Urtica dioica extract. Advanced Powder Technology, 31,2110-2118
Berardis, B.D., Civitelli, G., Condello, M., Lista, P., Pozzi, R., Arancia, G., & Meschini S. (2010). Exposure to ZnO nanoparticles induces oxidative stress and cytotoxicity in human colon carcinoma cells. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 246,116–127
Chen, Z. K., & Hu, S. J. (2003). The experimental study progress of effect of astragalus membranaceus on cardiovascular diseases,” Advances in Cardiovascular Disease, 24,113–116
Das, SK., Motiar, Md., Khan, R., Arun, K., Akhil, G., Das, R., & BaranMandal, A. (2012). Silver-nano biohybride material: synthesis, characterization and application in water purification. Bioresour Technol, 124,495–499
DeFronzo, R.A., Ferrannini, E., Groop, L., Henry, R.R., Herman, W.H., Holst, J.J., Hu, F.B., Kahn, C.R., Raz, I., & Shulman, G.I. (2015). Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers, 1,15019
Dubey, S.P., Lahtinen, M., Sa¨rkka¨, H., & Sillanpa¨a¨, M. (2010). Bioprospective of Sorbus aucuparia leaf extract in development of silver and gold nanocolloids. Colloids Surf. B, 80,26–33
Grover, J.K., Yadav, S., & Vats, V. (2002). Medicinal plants of India with antidiabetic potential. J. Ethanopharmacol, 81,81–100
Hamida, R.S., Abdelmeguid, N.E., Ali, M.A., Bin-Meferij, M.M., & Khalil, M.I. (2020). Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using a novel cyanobacteria Desertifilum sp. extract: Their antibacterial and cytotoxicity effects. Int. J. Nanomed, 15,49–63
He, Y., Du, Z., Lv, H., Jia, Q., Tang, Z., Zheng, X., Zhang, K., & Zhao, F. (2013). Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles by Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. extract and their application in clinical ultrasound gel. Int J Nanomedicine, 8,1809-1815. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S43289. Epub 2013 May 7. PMID: 23687447; PMCID: PMC3653761.
Hii, C. S., & Howell, S. l. (1985). Effects of flavonoids on insulin secrtion and 45ca2+ handling in rat islets of langerhans. J Endocrinol, 107(1),1-8.
Hosseinzadeh, H., Ramzani, M., & Danaei, A.R. (2002). Antihyperglysemic effect and acute toxicity of Securigera securidaca L. seed extracts in mice. Phytotherapy Research, 16,745-747. doi: 10.1002/ptr.1020. PMID: 12458478.
Jain, R., Sharma, A., Gupta, S., Sarethy, I.P., & Gabrani, R. (2011). Solanum nigrum: current perspectives on therapeutic properties. Altern. Med. Rev, 6,78–85
Kesharwani, J., Yoon, K.Y., Hwang, J., & Rai, M. (2009). Phytofabrication of silver nanoparticles by leaf extract of Datura metel: Hypothetical mechanism involved in synthesis. J. Bionanosci, 3,39–44
Kumar, V, G, Gokavarapu, S.D., Rajeswari, A., Dhas, T.S., Karthick, V., Kapadia, Z., Shrestha, T., Barathy, I.A., Roy, A., &Sinha, S. (2011). Facile green synthesis of gold nanoparticles using leaf extract of antidiabetic potent Cassia auriculata. Colloids Surf B: J. Biointerfaces, 87,159–163. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.05.016. Epub 2011 May 13. PMID: 21640563.
Li, J., Yu, L., Li, N., & Wang, H. (2000). Astragalus mongholicus and Angelica sinensis compound alleviates nephrotic hyperlipidemia in rats. Chin Med J, 113(4),310-314
Lin, S., Huang, R., Cheng, Y., Liu, J., & wiesner, R. (2013). Silver nanoparticle-alginate composite beads for point-of-use drinking water disinfection. Water Res, 47,3959–65
Martinez-Castanon, G.A., Nino-Martinez, N., Martinez-Gutierrez, F., Martinez-Mendoza, J.R., & Ruiz, F. (2008). Synthesis and antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles with different sizes. J. Nanopart. Res, 10,1343–1348
Modi, P., (2007). Diabetes beyond insulin: review of new drugs for treatment of diabetes mellitus. Curr. Drug Discov. Technol, 4,39–47
Mukunthan, K.S., Elumalai, E.K., Patel, T.N., & Murty, V.R. (2011). Catharanthus roseus: a natural source for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed, 1,270–274
Nomura, M., Takahashi, T., Nagata, N., Tsutsumi, K., Kobayashi, S., Akiba, T., Yokogawa, K., Moritani, S., & Miyamoto, K. (2008). Inhibitory mechanisms of flavonoids on insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in MC3T3-G2/PA6 adipose cells. Biol Pharm Bull J, 31 (7) in press.
Oguntibeju, O.O. (2019). Type 2 diabetes mellitus, oxidative stress and inflammation: Examining the links. Int. J. Physiol. Pathophysiol. Pharmacol, 11,45–63
Pachava, S., Puttachari, S., Shariff, A., & Thakur, R.S. (2014). Formulation and Evaluation of Solid Self microemulsifying Drug Delivery System of a Selective Second Generation Cephalosporin Antibiotic. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res, 24,176–181
Parameswaran, G., & Ray, D.W. (2022). Sleep, circadian rhythms, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin. Endocrinol. News, 96,12–20
Ping, H., Zhang, M.,  ShuguiLi, H.K., aChen, Q., Sun, C., & Zhang., T. (2012). Visual detection of melamine in raw milk by label-free silver nanoparticles. Food Control, 23,191–197
Rahman, A.U.R., & Zaman, K. (1989). Medicinal plant with hypoglycemic activity. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 26,1-55
Saeedi, P., Petersohn, I., Salpea, P., Malanda, B., Karuranga, S., Unwin, N., Colagiuri, S., Guariguata, L., Motala, A.A., & Ogurtsova, K. (2019). Global and regional diabetes prevalence estimates for 2019 and projections for 2030 and 2045: Results from the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas. Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract, 157, 107843
Singhal, G., Bhavesh, R., Kasariya, K., Sharma, A.R., & Singh, R.P. (2011). Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi) leaf extract and screening its antimicrobial activity. J. Nanoparticle Res, 13,2981–2988
SreeHarsha, N., Shariff, A., Shendkar, Y.A., Al-Dhubiab, B.E., & Meravanige, G. (2019). Development and Evaluation of a (SEDDS) Self—Emulsifying Drug Delivery System for Darifenacin Hydrobromide. Indian J. Pharm. Educ. Res, 53, 204–212
Swanston-Flatt, S.K., Day, C., Bailey, C.J., & Flatt, P.R. (1990). Traditional plant treatment for diabetes: studies in normal and streptozotocin diabetic mice. Diabetologia, 33,462–464
Thompson, D.G., Enright, A., Faulds, K., Smith, W.E., & Graham, D. (2008). Ultrasensitive DNA detection using oligonucleotide-silver nanoparticle conjugates. Anal Chem, 80(8),2805-10. doi: 10.1021/ac702403w. Epub 2008 Feb 29. PMID: 18307361.
Turin, A., & Radobuljac, M.D. (2021). Psychosocial factors affecting the etiology and management of type 1 diabetes mellitus: A narrative review. World J. Diabetes, 12, 1518
Vigneshwaran, N., Kathe, A.A., Varadarajan, P.V., Nachane, R.P., & Balasubramanya, R.H. (2007). Functional finishing of cotton fabrics using silver nanoparticles. J Nanosci Nanotechnol, 7(6), 1893-1897. doi: 10.1166/jnn.2007.737. PMID: 17654961.
Xian-qing, M.A.O., Yong, W.U., Ke, W.U., Ming, L.I.U., Jing-fang Z., Feng, Z.O.U., & Jing-ping, O.Y. (2007). Astragalus polysaccharide reduces hepatic endoplasmic reticulum stress and restores glucose homeostasis in a diabetic KKAY mouse model. Acta Pharmacol Sin, 28(12), 1947–1956
Yong, W.U., Jing-ping, O.U., YANG, W.U., Ya, W., Yun-feng, Z., and Chong-yuan, W. (2005). Hypoglycemic effect of Astragalus polysaccharide and its effect on PTP1B. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica, 26(3), 345–352
Zhang, Y.J. (1986). Effects of changes of testa penetrability on germination and storability of seeds of Astragalus sinicus. Zhejiang Agricultural Science, 1, 33-35.

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics