A survey on the relationship between body condition score with lipid profiles and serum testosterone concentration in dog

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 DVM Graduated, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

2 Professor, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

Abstract

    Several factors play a role in the development of obesity in animals, which is the most important of them lack of exercise, excessive feeding, and hormonal disorders. Testosterone is responsible for many of the physical characteristics specific to males. Body condition score (BCS) is used to determine the body status. Body weight increases significantly with castration in dogs. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between body condition score with lipid profiles and serum testosterone concentration in obese, normal and thin dogs. This survey was accomplished on one hundred and fifty intact male dogs referred to Veterinary Hospital of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. The owned dogs were divided into three equal groups: group A (obese), group B (normal) and group C (thin). There were fifty dogs in each group. Body condition score system was used from number one to nine. The dogs were selected from large breeds (German shepherd and Doberman Pinscher), male and in the age range 1-7 years-old. Serum lipid profiles (triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C concentrations) were measured using spectrophotometric method. Testosterone concentration was also determined by ELISA method. Body condition score and testosterone concentration had an effect on lipid profile levels, so that the increase of BCS caused a significant increase of triglyceride (122.06±67.99 mg/dl), total cholesterol (241.08±67.25), LDL-C (134.18±63.10) and VLDL-C (23.96±13.42) in obese dogs (A) and a significant decrease of HDL-C (82.98±26.86) and testosterone (3.36±0.57). It was also identified that the decrease of BCS in thin dogs (C) caused a significant decrease of serum triglyceride (76.24±29.67 mg/dl), total cholesterol (203.54±59.89), LDL-C (89.99±55.99) and VLDL-C (15.25±5.93) and a significant increase of HDL-C (97.64±35.65) and testosterone (9.00±0.82). Means of testosterone concentrations were obtained 3.36±0.57, 5.71±0.55 and 9.00±0.82 ng/ml in the obese, normal and thin dogs, respectively. The results showed that serum testosterone concentration decreased with obesity (increase of BCS), and increased with emaciation (decrease of BCS). Further investigations are necessary to be determined the better understand of relationship between obesity and hormonal changes.

Keywords

References

Bauer, J. E. (2004). Lipoprotein-mediated transport of dietary and synthesized lipids and lipid abnormalities of dogs and cats. Journal of American Veterinary Medicine Association, 224(5), 668-675.
Biabangard Zak, A., Golalipour, M., Hadadchi, G., & Abbaspour, A. (2015). Study of the relationship between testosterone, age, serum lipoprotein levels and body mass index in men in Golestan Province. Arak Medical University Journal, l 17(11), 29-36.
Bond, P., Lewellyn, W., & Mol, P. V. (2016). Anabolic androgenic steroid-induced hepatotoxicity. Medical Hypotheses, 93, 150-153.
Brunetti, M. A., Nogueira, S., Cesar Sa, F., Peixotol, M., Vasconcellosl, R. S., Ferraudol, A. J., & Carciofil, A. C. (2011). Correspondence between obesity and hyperlipidemia in dogs. Science Rural, 41, 266-271.
 
Chun, J. L., Bang, H. T., Ji, S. Y., Jeong, J. Y., Kim, M., Kim, B., Lee, S. D., Lee, Y. K.,  Reddy, K. E., & Kim, K.H. (2019). A simple method to evaluate body condition score to maintain the optimal body weight in dogs. Journal of Animal Science and Technology, 61(6), 366-370.
Courcier, E. A., Thomson, R. M., Mellor, D. J., & Yam, P. S. (2010). An epidemiological study of environmental factors associated with canine obesity. The Journal of Small Animal Practice, 51(7), 362-367.
Etienne, C. (2020). Clinical Veterinary Advisor: Dogs and cats. (3rd ed.) St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Ettinger, S. J., Feldman E. C., & Etienne, C. (2017). Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine Expert Consult, (8th Edition) W.B. Saunders Company. St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Goncharov, N. P., Katsya, G. V., Chagina, N. A., & Gooren, L. J. (2009). Testosterone and obesity in men under the age of 40 years. Andrologia, 41(2), 76-83.‏
Jeusette, I. C., Lhoest, E. T., Istasse, L. P., & Diez, M. O. (2005). Influence of obesity on plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in dogs. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 66(1), 81-86.
Kimiagar, M., Sohrab, G., Hemat, M., & Golestan, B. (2011). The relationship between obesity and serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and triglyceride level in men 18-34 years old living in district 6 of Tehran: comparison of BMI, waist and waist to hip ratio. Yafteh, 13(3), 56-63.
Leclerc, L., Thorin, Ch., Flanagan, J., Biourge, V., Serisier, S., & Nguyen, P. (2017). Higher neonatal growth rate and body condition score at 7 months are predictive factors of obesity in adult female Beagle dogs, BMC Veterinary Research, 13: 104.
Malik, I. A., Durairajanayagam, D., & Sing, H. J. (2019). Leptin and its actions on reproduction in males. Asian Journal of Andrology, 21(3), 296–299.
Mao, J., Xia, Z., Chen, J., & Yu, J. (2013). Prevalence and risk factors for canine obesity surveyed in veterinary practices in Beijing, China. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 112, 438-442.
Moradi, F., Vosoughi, V., Heydarzadeh, A., & Amini Moghadam, S. (2014). Relationship between serum adiponectin levels and lipid profiles, testosterone and cortisol in sedentary men. Journal of Knowledge and Health, 9(3), 21-27.
Perry, L., Shmalberg, J., Tanprasertsuk, J., Massey, D., Honaker, R. W., & Jha, A. R. (2020). Risk factors associated with canine overweightness and obesity in an owner-reported survey. BMC Veterinary Resarch, Under Review.
Porsani, M. Y. H., Teixeira, F. A., Amaral, A. R., Pedrinelli, V., Vasques, V., de Oliveira, A. G.,  Vendramini, T. H. A., & Brunetto, M. A. (2019). Factors associated with failure of dog's weight loss programmes. Veterinary Medicine and Science, 6, 299-305.
Shamim, M. O., Khan, F. M. A., & Arshad, R. (2015). Association between serum total testosterone and Body Mass Index in middle aged healthy men. Pakistan journal of medical sciences, 31(2), 355-359.‏
Warren, B. S., Wakshlag, J. J., Maley, M., Farrell, T. J., Struble, A. M., Panasevich, M. R., & Wells, M. T. (2011). Use of pedometers to measure the relationship of dog walking to body condition score in obese and non-obese dogs. The British Journal of Nutrition, 106(1), 85-89. Xenoulis, P. G., & Steiner, J. M. (2010). Lipid metabolism and hyperlipidemia in dogs. The Veterinary Journal, 183, 12-21.
Zhang, N., Zhang, H., Zhang, X., Zhang, B., Wang, F., Wang, C., & Guan, Q. (2014). The relationship between endogenous testosterone and lipid profile in middle-aged and elderly Chinese men. European journal of endocrinology, 170(4), 487-494.‏

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics