Ovine Enterotoxemia in Ahvaz Region, Pathological, Bacteriological, Serological and Molecular studies

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 PhD Graduated in Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

2 Associated Professor, Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

3 Professor, Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

4 Professor, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

Abstract

    Clostridium perfringens type D is the cause of an acute and fatal disease; called enterotoxemia which mostly infects sheep and goats. This study aimed to evaluate the pathological, bacteriological, serological and molecular aspects of this disease in sheep in city of Ahvaz. During 23 months, 20 suspected sheep (based on clinical history) were taken for routine necropsy and required specimens were prepared for complementary studies.  In 50% of the cases, sudden death was reported as the most obvious clinical finding. The most common pathological lesions were endocardial hemorrhage (70%) interstitial pneumonia (65%) brain haemorrhage and edema (60%) and acute tubular necrosis (65%). Moreover, in 50% of the cases, glucosuria was also noted. The conventional bacteriological methods on the intestinal content showed 6 suspected strains of C. perfringens which in the PCR method, four were identified as type A and two as type C and D, (each one). The toxin detection in the intestinal content was performed using indirect Elisa test the results of which were consistent with PCR findings. Assuming the brain lesions and glucosuria as indicators of type D enterotoxemia, the disease was suspected at least 50% of the cases, which however didn’t match with finding of the other tests, so it needs to be studied more. The findings of the present study revealed the importance of freshness of samples in the results of tests that can be used to trace C. perfringens and their toxins. Furthermore, considering the history of vaccination in most of the animals studied, the principles of vaccination in local farms are questionable.

Keywords

References

Ahsani, M.R., Mohammadabadi, M.R., & Shamsaddini, M.B. (2010). Clostridium perfringens isolate typing by multiplex PCR.  The Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases 16(4): 573-578.
Ausubel, F.M., Brent, R., Kingstone, R.E., Moore, D.D., Seidman, J.G., Smith, J. A., et al. (2002). Short protocols in molecular biology (5th Edition). John Wiley and Sons. New York. Pp: 1-15.
Bryan, M., Finola, L., Marie Ann, C., & Doris, M. (2013). Clinical veterinary microbiology (2nd Edition). Mosby Elsevier. London. Pp: 105-120.
Bullen, J.J., & Scarisbrick, R. (1957).  Enterotoxaemia of sheep: experimental reproduction of the disease. The Journal of Pathology and Bacteriology 73: 495-509.
De la Rosa, C., Hogue, D.E., & Thonney, M.L. (1997). Vaccination schedules to raise antibody concentration against epsilon-toxin of Clostridium perfringens in ewes and their triplet lambs. Journal of Animal Science 75(9): 2328-2334.
Fayez, M.M., Al Musallam, A., Al Marzoog, A., & Suleiman, M.B. (2013). Prevalence and toxinotyping of the toxigenic Clostridium perfringens in sheep with suspected enterotoxemia. Nature and Science Journal 11(8): 5-21.
Filho, E.J.F., Carvalho, A.U., Assis, R.A., Lobato, F.F., Rachid, M.A., Carvalho, A.A., et al. (2009). Clinicopathologicfeatures of experimental Clostridium perfringenstype D enterotoxemia in cattle. Veterinary Pathology 46: 1213-1220.
Gardner, D.E. (1973). Pathology of Clostridium welchii type D enterotoxemia basis of the hyperglycemic response. Journal of Comparative Pathology 83(4): 525-529.
Gharibi, D., Ghorbanpour, M., Haji Hajikolaei, M.R., & MahmoudiKohi, Z. (2017). Typing of Clostridium perfringens isolates from sheep in Ahvaz. Iranian Veterinary Journal 13(3): 75-86. (Inpersian)
Hadimli, H.H., Erganis, O., Sayin, Z., & Aras, Z. (2012). Toxinotyping of C. perfringens isolates by ELISA and PCR from lambs suspected of enterotoxemia. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences 36: 409-415.
Hamad, M.A., Habra, A., & Allouz, A.K. (2010). Biotyping of Clostridium perfringens strains isolated from enterotoxemia cases in sheep using ELISA technique. Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Sciences 17-24.
Heikinheimo, A., & Korkeala, H. (2005). Multiplex PCR assay for toxinotyping Clostridium Perfringens isolated from Finnish broiler chickens. Letters in Applied Microbiology 40: 407-4011.
Jabbari, A.R., Afshari Far, S., Esmaelizad, M., PilehchianLangroudi, R., MoosawiShooshtari, M., & AbdolmohammadiKhiav, L. (2011). Molecular typing of toxigenic Clostridium perfringens isolated from sheep in Iran. Archives of Razi Institute 66(2): 81-86.
Kalender, R., Ertas, H.B., Cetinkaya, B., Muz, A., Arsalan, N., & Kilic, A. (2005). Typing of isolates of Clostridium perfringens from healthy and diseased sheep by multiplex PCR.Veterinarni Medicina 50(10): 439-442.
Markey, B.K., Leonard, F., Archambault, M. Cullinane, A., & Maguire. D. (2013). Clinical Veterinary Microbiology (2nd Edition). Mosby Elsevier. China, Pp: 215-238.
Pilechian, R. (2013). Molecular biology of Clostridium perfringens focusing on epsilon and beta toxin genes. Journal of Veterinary Laboratory Research 5: 5-19. (In Persian).
Pooladgar, A.R., Loni, R., Heidari, R., Pilechian Langrudi, R., & Ghaemmaghami, S.h. (2014). Detection and determination of various types of Clostridiumperfringens in sheep and goat by culture and ELISA method in Khuzestan Province. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences 5(1): 32-4.
Quinn, P.I., Carter, M.E., Markey, B., & Carter, G.R. (2013). Clinical Veterinary Microbiology. Vol 1, (2nd Edition), Mosbey. Pp: 191-208.
Rood, J.I., & Cole, S.T. (1991). Molecular genetics and pathogenesis of Clostridium perfringens. Microbiological Reviews 55: 621-648.
Songer, J.G. (1996). Clostridial enteric diseases of domestic animals.Clinical Microbiology Reviews 9: 216-234.
Uzal, F.A. (2004). Diagnosis of Clostridium perfringens intestinal infection in sheep and goats.Anaerobe, 10: 135-143.
Uzal, F.A., Plattner, B.L., & Hostetter, J. M. (2016). Alimentary system. in: Maxie(ed) ،JubbKennedy&Palmers. Pathology of Domestic Animals (6th ed., 189). Edinburgh: Elsevier.
Uzal, F.A., & Songer, J.G. (2008). Diagnosis of Clostridium perfringens intestinal infections in sheep and goats.  Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 20: 253-265.
Uzal, F.A., & Kelly, W.R. (1998). Experimental Clostridium perfringens type D enterotoxemia in goats. Veterinary Pathology 35: 132-140.
Uzal, F.A., Kelly, W.R., Morris, W.E., Bermudez, J., & Biason, M. (2004). The pathology of experimental Clostridium perfringens type D enterotoxemia in sheep. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 16: 403-411.
Wen, Q., & McClane, B.A. (2004). Detection of enterotoxigenicClostridium Perfringens type A isolates in American retail foods. Applied and environmental microbiology 70(5): 2685-91.

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics