Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
2
Professor, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
3
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
Abstract
Pyometra is one of the most common diseases of the genital system in female dogs. Most of the uterus injuries, such as cystic endometrial hyperplasia, can turn into life-threatening clinical cases, such as pyometra. The purpose of the present survey is to investigate the dogs suffering from cystic endometrial hyperplasia or pyometra from clinical, hematological, biochemical and histopathological aspects. A total of sixty dogs were studied among the dogs referred to the Ahvaz Veterinary Hospital or city clinics. First thirty dogs of small and large breeds were selected with an average age of 5.57 years, affected to cystic endometrial hyperplasia or pyometra and another thirty healthy dogs. After clinical examination and preparation of smear from vaginal mucosa, blood samples were taken from all dogs and hematological factors (counting white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets) and biochemical factors (ALP, AST, ALT, globulin, Albumin to Globulin ratio, total protein, BUN, creatinine, cholesterol and lactate) and histopathological findings were investigated also. Nine dogs were identified with cystic endometrial hyperplasia and twenty-one dogs affected to pyometra. The most important clinical signs were included lethargy, abnormal discharge from the vagina, anorexia, dilation of the uterus, polyuria/polydipsia, dehydration, fever, pale mucus membranes and vomiting. The results of the hematology test showed leukocytosis (mean: 32.16±5.54), neutrophilia with deviation to the left, and normochromic-normocytic anemia in the affected dogs to pyometra. An increase in the number of parabasal and intermediate cells, as well as an increase in the number of degenerate neutrophils, was seen in the obtained smears from vaginal cytology. Histopathological evaluation confirmed the thickness of the uterine wall due to significant endometrial hyperplasia, the increase in the number of cystic glands, and the accumulation of pus in the uterine canal and horns. In the biochemical test, the levels of ALP, total protein and globulin were significantly higher in the pyometra group than healthy group. Besides, the ratio of albumin to globulin (0.37±0.06) was significantly decreased in the pyometra group (P<0.05). BUN (52.3±14.2 mg/dl), creatinine (2.1±0.34 mg/dl) and lactate (3.65±0.38 mmol/l) concentrations were also significantly higher in the affected dogs to pyometra (P<0.05), which can be considered as predictable factors in the condition of animal survival. It can be concluded that the survey of hematological (such as leukocytosis, neutrophilia and anemia) and biochemical indices (increase of ALP, total protein, globulin and plasma hyperlactatemia) can help significantly in the diagnosis and prognosis of pyometra in dogs.
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