Evaluation of Cinnamaldehyde Effect on Trichomonas gallinae under In vitro Conditions

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Tutor Young Researchers and Elite Club, Babol Branch, Islamic Azad University, Babol, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Babol Branch, Islamic Azad University, Babol, Iran

3 Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran

Abstract

    Trichomoniasis is a common disease in local chickens and pigeons whose causative agent is Trichomonas gallinae protozoan. Metronidazole is the drug of choice in trichomoniasis treatment, but several cases of resistance to this drug have been reported. Considering antibacterial and antifungal effects of cinnamaldehyde as the main component of cinnamon, the present study investigated its effect on Trichomonas gallinae protozoan in vitro conditions. After isolation of parasite from buccal cavity of infected pigeons and culturing in Diamond medium, samples were kept at 37ºC to reach logarithmic growth phase.  For evaluation of toxic effect of cinnamaldehyde on this protozoa, 96 well microplates were used. To each well 100 µL of culture medium containing at least 1×104 parasites was added. Then amounts of cinnamaldehyde and metronidazole to reach final concentrations of 25, 50, and 100 µg/mL were added. Treatments were done with 10 replicates, and after 24 h mortality rate of parasites were evaluated by direct observation under light microscope and counting by haemocytometer slide.  Results showed that mortality rate of cinnamaldehyde at 100 µg/mL was 100% which did not differ significantly in comparison to metronidazole. In addition, in growth inhibition rate at 50 and 100 µg/mL of cinnamaldehyde and metronidazole, significant difference was not observed. This study demonstrated promising effects of cinnamaldehyde on T. gallinae protozoa. By further research and study on effective components of cinnamon, they can be used for making novel antitrichomonal drugs.

Keywords

References

Bang, K. H., Lee, D. W., Park, H. M., & Rhee, Y. H. (2000). Inhibition of fungal cell wall synthesizing enzymes by trans-cinnamaldehyde. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 64(5), 1061-1063.
Britain, G.; Pattison, M. and Jordan, F. T. W. (2002). Poultry diseases. WB Saunders. 6th ed. Saunders, Ltd, pp: 563-568.
Cover, A. J., Harmon, W. M., & Thomas, M. W. (1994). A new method for the diagnosis of Trichomonas gallinae infection by culture. Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 30(3), 457-459.
Didry, N., Dubreuil, L., & Pinkas, M. (1994). Activity of thymol, carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde and eugenol on oral bacteria. Pharmaceutica Acta Helvetiae, 69(1), 25-28.
Domadia, P., Swarup, S., Bhunia, A., Sivaraman, J., & Dasgupta, D. (2007). Inhibition of bacterial cell division protein FtsZ by cinnamaldehyde. Biochemical Pharmacology, 74(6), 831-840.
Grossman 3rd, J. H., & Galask, R. P. (1990). Persistent vaginitis caused by metronidazole-resistant trichomonas. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 76(3 Pt 2), 521-522.
Mahmoud, A., Attia, R., Safaa, S. A. I. D., & Ibraheim, Z. (2014). Ginger and cinnamon: can this household remedy treat giardiasis? Parasitological and histopathological studies. Iranian Journal of Parasitology, 9(4), 530.
Modaresi, M. E. H. R. D. A. D., Messripour, M., Toghyani, M., & Rajaii, R. A. (2010). Effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Cinnamon zeylanicum (Bark) on mice pituitary-testis axis. Journal of Gorgan University of Medical Sciences, 12(1), 15-19.
Seddiek, S. A., El-Shorbagy, M. M., Khater, H. F., & Ali, A. M. (2014). The antitrichomonal efficacy of garlic and metronidazole against Trichomonas gallinae infecting domestic pigeons. Parasitology Research, 113(4), 1319-1329.
Sharma, U. K., Sharma, A. K., Gupta, A., Kumar, R., Pandey, A., & Pandey, A. K. (2017). Pharmacological activities of cinnamaldehyde and eugenol: antioxidant, cytotoxic and anti-leishmanial studies. Cellular and Molecular Biology, 63(6), 73-78.
Tabari, M. A., & Youssefi, M. R. (2018). In vitro and in vivo evaluations of Pelargonium roseum essential oil activity against Trichomonas gallinae. Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine, 8(2), 136.
Tabari, M. A., Youssefi, M. R., & Moghadamnia, A. A. (2017). Antitrichomonal activity of Peganum harmala alkaloid extract against trichomoniasis in pigeon (Columba livia domestica). British Poultry Science, 58(3), 236-241.
Tabari, M. A., Youssefi, M. R., Nasiri, M., Hamidi, M., Kiani, K., Samakkhah, S. A., & Maggi, F. (2019). Towards green drugs against cestodes: Effectiveness of Pelargonium roseum and Ferula gummosa essential oils and their main component on Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces. Veterinary Parasitology, 266, 84-87.
Williams, A. R., Hansen, T. V., Krych, L., Ahmad, H. F. B., Nielsen, D. S., Skovgaard, K., & Thamsborg, S. M. (2017). Dietary cinnamaldehyde enhances acquisition of specific antibodies following helminth infection in pigs. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 189, 43-52.
Williams, A. R., Ramsay, A., Hansen, T. V., Ropiak, H. M., Mejer, H., Nejsum, P., & Thamsborg, S. M. (2015). Anthelmintic activity of trans-cinnamaldehyde and A-and B-type proanthocyanidins derived from cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum). Scientific Reports, 5(1), 1-12.
Youssefi, M. R., Tabari, M. A., & Moghadamnia, A. A. (2017). In vitro and in vivo activity of Artemisia sieberi against Trichomonas gallinae. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research, 18(1), 25.
Zenner, L., Callait, M. P., Granier, C., & Chauve, C. (2003). In vitro effect of essential oils from Cinnamomum aromaticum, Citrus limon and Allium sativum on two intestinal flagellates of poultry, Tetratrichomonas gallinarum and Histomonas meleagridis. Parasite, 10(2), 153-157.

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics