ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effects of gradual replacement of fish meal with soy meal and supplement phytase enzyme supplement on apparent digestibility coefficient and carcass mineral composition of beluga (Huso huso) juvenile
In order to assess the effect of increasing levels of dietary soybean meal and the effect of phytase enzyme supplement on apparent digestibility coefficient of diet protein, energy and dry matter and also carcass mineral composition of beluga juvenile, seven isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets containing various levels of soybean meal (40% and 70%) as gradual replacement of fish meal (Control diet) and three levels of phytase: zero, 1000 and 2000 IU/kg (not in control diet) were fed to triplicate groups of 10 fish (initial mean weight: 80.65±2.16 g) in each tank. Over an 8-week feeding period, significant differences (P<0.05) were observed on apparent digestibility coefficient and mineral composition between fish fed the experimental diets. The partial replacement of fish meal by soybean meal resulted in significantly decreasing in the apparent digestibility coefficient of diet protein and energy and also in carcass phosphorus and calcium content (P<0.05). On the other hand, the apparent digestibility coefficient of diet dry matter and the carcass magnesium content were not affected by the experimental diets (P>0.05). In addition, supplementation of phytase resulted in significant increase in the apparent digestibility coefficient of diet protein and the carcass phosphorus and calcium content (P<0.05). There were not significant difference among substitute effect, phytase effect and interaction in the apparent digestibility coefficient of diet protein, energy and dry matter and moreover in the carcass magnesium (P>0.05). However substitute effect, phytase effect had significant different in the carcass phosphorus and calcium (P<0.05). According to these results, the replacement of fish meal by soybean meal result in decrease the apparent digestibility coefficient of diet protein and energy and also in phosphorus and calcium content in beluga juvenile carcass. On the other hand, supplementations of phytase results in increase the apparent digestibility coefficient of diet protein and the carcass phosphorus and calcium content.
https://www.ivj.ir/article_4757_513903fccffc140e5490ba328ea6d6b1.pdf
2012-03-20
5
14
Beluga
Soy meal
Phytase
Apparent digestibility coefficient
Carcass mineral
R
A
ri.asadi@gmail.com
1
دانشآموخته دانشکده شیلات و محیط زیست، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان
LEAD_AUTHOR
M
I
2
دانشیار دانشکده شیلات و محیط زیست، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان
AUTHOR
M
A
masoudasghari_14@yahoo.com
3
دانشجوی دکترای دانشکده شیلات و محیط زیست، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان
AUTHOR
T
E
4
دانشآموخته دانشکده شیلات و محیط زیست، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان
AUTHOR
1- زرگریان پگاه (1386). اثر آنزیم فیتاز و جایگزینی پروتئین پودر ماهی با آرد سویا بر رشد، ترکیبات بدن و قابلیت هضم ماده خشک در قزلآلای رنگین کمان (Onchorhynchus mykiss). پایاننامه کارشناسی ارشد. دانشگاه تربیت مدرس نور، صفحه 42.
1
2- Allan G.L., Parkinson S., Booth M.A., Stone D.A.J., Rowland S.J., Frances J. and et al. (2000). Replacement of fish meal in diets for Australian silver perch, Bidyanus bidyanus: I. Digestibility of alternative ingredients. Aquaculture, 186: 293-310.
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3- AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists) (1995). Official Methods of Analysis 16th edition. AOAC, Arlington, Virginia. P: 532.
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4- Baruah K., Sahu N.P., Pal A.k. and Debnath D. (2004). Dietary phytase: an ideal approach for a cost e¡ective and lowpolluting aquafeed. NAGA,World Fish Center Quarterly, 27: 15-19.
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5- Biswas A.K., Seoka M., Takii K. and Kumai H. (2007). Comparison of apparent digestibility coefficient among replicates and different stocking density in red sea bream Pagrus major. Fishery Science, 73: 19–26.
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6- Boyd C.E. (1990). Water Quality in Ponds for Aquaculture. Alabama Agriculture Experiment Station, Auburn University. pp: 482.
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7- Cheng Z.J.J., Hardy R.W. and Usry J.L. (2003). Plant protein ingredients with lysine supplementation reduce dietary protein level in rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) diets, and reduce ammonia nitrogen and soluble phosphorus excretion. Aquaculture, 218: 553-565.
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8- FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) (2008). FAO Fisheries Department, Fishery Information, Data and Statistics Unit. Fishstat Plus: Universal software for fishery statistical time series. Aquaculture production: quantities 1950–2006, Aquaculture production: values 1984–2006; Capture production: 1950–2006; Commodities production and trade: 1950–2006; Vers. 2.30.
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9- Glencross B.D., Booth M. and Allan G.L. (2007). A feed is only as good as its ingredients – a review of ingredient evaluation strategies for aquaculture feeds. Aquaculture Nutrition, 13; 17-34.
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10- Hardy R.W. (1997). Understanding and using apparent digestibility coefficients in fish nutrition. Aquaculture Management, 23: 84–89.
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11- Hardy R.W. (2008). Utilization of plant proteins in fish diets; effects of global demand and supplies of grains and oilseeds. Proceedings of the Aquaculture Europe, Krakow, Poland, pp: 5–8.
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12- Hepher B. (1988). Nutrition of Pond Fishes. Cambridge Univ. Press, New York, USA. pp: 388.
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13- Hertrampf J.W. and Piedad-Pascual F. (2000). Handbook on Ingredients for Aquaculture Feeds. Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherland. pp: 573.
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14- Hossain M.A. and Jauncey K. (1991). The effects of varying dietary phytic acid, calcium and magnesium levels on the nutrition of common carp, Cyprinus carpio. In: Kaushik, S.J., Luquet, P. (Eds.), Fish Nutrition in Practice. INRA, Paris, pp: 705-715.
14
15- Imorou Toko I., Fiogbe E.D. and Kestemont P. (2008a). Growth, feed efficiency and body mineral composition of juvenile vundu catfish (Heterobranchus longifilis, Valenciennes 1840) in relation to various dietary levels of soybean or cottonseed meals. Aquaculture Nutrition, 13: 1–11.
15
16- Imorou Toko I., Fiogbe E.D. and Kestemont P. (2008b). Mineral status of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fed diets containing graded levels of soybean or cottonseed meals. Aquaculture, 257: 298-305.
16
17- Krogdahl A., Lea T.B. and Olli J.L. (1994). Soybean proteinase inhibitors affect intestinal trypsin activities and amino acid digestibilities in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Comparative Biochemical Physiology, 107A: 215–219.
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18- Lei W., Yang Y. and He X. (1996). Apparent digestibility coefficient of crude protein and energy for commercial six feed ingredients for Chinese long snout catfish (Leiocassis longirostris Gunther). Acta Hydrobiolgy Sinence, 20: 113–118. (In Chinese with English abstract).
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19- Li M.H. and Robinson E.H. (1997). Microbial phytase can replace inorganic phosphorus supplements in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) diets. Journal of World Aquaculture Society, 28: 402-406.
19
20- Liu H., Wu X., Zhao W., Xue M., Guo L., Zheng Y. and et al. (2009). Nutrients apparent digestibility coefficients of selected protein sources for juvenile Siberian (Acipenser baerii Brandt), compared by two chromic oxide analyses methods. Aquaculture Nutrition, 15: 650-656.
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21- Madsen S.S. and Bern H.A. (1992). A selective survey of the endocrine system of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with emphasis on the hormonal regulation of ion balance. Aquaculture, 100: 237–262.
21
22- Mbahinzireki G.B., Dabrowski K., Lee K.J., El-Saidy D. and Wisner E.R. (2001). Growth, feed utilization and body composition of tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) fed with cottonseed meal-based diets in a recirculating system. Aquaculture Nutrition, 7: 189-200.
22
23- NRC (National Research Council) (1993) Nutrient Requirement of Fish. National Academy Press, Washington, DC. P: 182.
23
24- Porn-Ngam N., Satoh S., Takeuchi T. and Watanabe T. (1993). Effect of the ratio of phosphorus to calcium on zinc availability to rainbow trout in high phosphorus diet. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi, 59: 2065–70.
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25- Rodehutscord M. and Pfeffer E. (1995). Effects of supplemental microbial phytase on phosphorus digestibility and utilization in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Journal Of Water Science Technology, 31: 141-147.
25
26- Sardar P., Randhawa H.S., Abid M. and Prabhakar S.K. (2007). Effect of dietary microbial phytase supplementation on growth performance, nutrient utilization, body compositions and haemato-biochemical profiles of Cyprinus carpio (L.) fingerlings fed soyprotein-based diet. Aquaculture Nutrition, 13: 444-456.
26
27- Shafaepour A., Yavari V., Falahatkar B., Maremmazi J.G.H. and Gorjipour E. (2008). Effects of canola meal on physiological and biochemical parameters in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture Nutrition, 14: 110-119.
27
28- Skonberg D.I., Yogev L., Hardy R.W. and Dong F.M. (1997). Metabolic response to dietary phosphorus intake in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture, 157: 11–24.
28
29- Storebakken T., Shearer K.D., Baeverfjord G., Nielsen B.G., Asgard T., Scott T. and et al. (2000). Digestibility of macronutrients, energy and amino acids absorption of elements and absence of intestinal enteritis in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, fed diets with wheat gluten. Aquaculture, 184: 115–132.
29
30- Sugiura S.H., Raboy V., Young K.A., Dong F.M. and Hardy R.W. (1999). Availability of phosphorus and trace elements in low-phytate varieties of barley and corn for rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Aquaculture, 170: 285–296.
30
31- Vielma J., Mäkinen T., Ekholm P. and Koskela J. (2000). Influence of dietary soy and phytase levels on performance and body composition of large rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and algal availability of phosphorus load. Aquaculture, 183: 349-362.
31
32- Vielma J., Ruohonen K., Gabaudan J. and Vogel K. (2004). Top spraying soybean meal-based diets with phytase improves protein and mineral digestibilities but not lysine utilization in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). Aquaculture Research, 35: 955-964.
32
33- Wei Q., He J., Yang D., Zheng W. and Li L. (2004). Status of sturgeon aquaculture and sturgeon trade in China: a review based on two recent nationwide surveys. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 20: 321–332.
33
34- Zhou Q.C., Tan B.P., Mai K.S. and Liu Y.J. (2004). Apparent digestibility of selected feed ingredients for juvenile cobia Rachycentron canadum. Aquaculture, 241: 441–451.
34
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of the effect of betaine substitution with methionine on performance, carcass characteristics and blood compositions of broilers under heat stress and thermoneutral conditions
This study was conducted to determine the effects of different levels of betaine substitution to methionine on performance, carcass characteristics and blood compositions of Ross 308 broiler chickens reared under heat stress (HS) and thermoneutral (TN) conditions. A total of two hundred eighty eight 1-day-old commercial broiler chicks were used for this experiment in a 42 day period. Broiler chicks were grown in a thermoneutral environment from 1 to 21 d. From 22 to 42 days, 144 of the birds were kept in the thermoneutral room (TN, 23°C constant) whereas the remaining of the birds were exposed daily to cyclic stress (HS, 23 -35°C cycling) in another room. The trial was conducted as a complete randomized design (CRD) with a 3×2 factorial arrangement of treatments with four replicates per treatment. There were 3 dietary treatments: three doses of betaine (0, 13 and 26%) substitution to methionine that were combined with two environmental conditions. Broilers raised in either a TN or HS environment were fed two types of diets as starters and growers.
The present study indicated that replacement of betaine significantly affected breast meat yield. Supplementation of the basal diets with betaine were significantly affected FI, FCR, BW during 22 to 42 d and 1 to 42 d. Results showed that replacement of betaine at the level of 13% increased FI and BW. The HS birds consumed less feed, gained less weight, and had lower feed efficiency when compared to TN birds (P<0.05). Moreover, this level improved FCR at the HS or TN bird. Breast and leg meat yield, heart and liver weights, were all significantly reduced by HS in comparison with TN (P<0.05). Evaluation of the effect of betaine and temperature showed that heat stress caused a significant increase in glucose and triglyceride; whereas, the betaine just significantly affect the triglyceride.
https://www.ivj.ir/article_4764_25077037b185f45497ced0645a5e92d5.pdf
2012-03-20
15
23
Betaine
broiler
Methionine
Heat stress
F
S
fat_sa_2005@yahoo.com
1
دانشآموخته کارشناسی ارشد تغذیه دام، دانشکده علوم دامی، دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی رامین اهواز
LEAD_AUTHOR
M
B
bojarpour@yahoo.com
2
استاد یار گروه تغذیه ، دانشکده علوم دامی ، دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی رامین اهواز
AUTHOR
J
F
fayazij@ut.ac.ir
3
استاد یار گروه تغذیه ، دانشکده علوم دامی ، دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی رامین اهواز
AUTHOR
S
S
somayehsallary@yahoo.com
4
استاد یار گروه تغذیه ، دانشکده علوم دامی ، دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی رامین اهواز
AUTHOR
M
N
5
مربی گروه تغذیه ، دانشکده علوم دامی ، دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی رامین اهواز
AUTHOR
منابع
1
1- Augustine P.C. and Danforth H.D. (1999). Influence of betaine and salinomycin on intestinal absorption of Met and glucose and on the ultrastructure of intestinal cells and parasite development stages in chicks infected with Eimeria acervulina. Avian Disease. 43: 89-97.
2
2- Bartlett J.R. and Smith M.O. (2003). Effects of different levels of zinc on the performance and immunocompetence of broilers under heat stress. Poultry Science. 82:1580-88.
3
3- Baziz H.A., Geraert P.A., Podilha J.C.F. and Guillaumin S. (1996). Chronic heat exposure enhances fat deposition and modifies muscle and fat partition broiler carcass. Poultry Science. 75: 505-513.
4
4- Garriga C., Richard R., Hunter C., Amat J., Planas M., Malcolm A. and et al. (2006). Heat stress increases apical glucose transport in the chicken jejunum. American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology. 290: R195-R201.
5
5- Hassan R.A., Attia Y.A. and E1-ganzory E.H. (2005). Growth, carcass quality and serum constituents of slow growing chicks as affected by betaine addition to diets containing different levels of choline. International Journal of Poultry Science. 4: 840-850.
6
6- Konca Y. and Kirkpinar F. (2008). Effect of betaine on performance, carcass, bone and blood characteristics of broilers during natural summer temperatures. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances. 7: 930-937.
7
7- Rashidi A.A., Gofrani Ivari Y., Khatibjoo A. and Vakili R. (2010). Effect of dietary fat, vitamin E and zinc on immune response and blood parameters of broiler reared under heat stress. Research Journal of Poultry Science. 3(2): 32-38.
8
8- Richmond W. (1973). Cholesterol enzymatic colorimetric test chop-PAP method of estimation of total cholesterol in serum. Clinical Chemistry. 191: 1350-56.
9
9- Rostagno H.S. and Pack M. (1996). Can betaine replace supplemental DL-methionine broiler diets. Poultry Science. 5: 150-154.
10
10- Sahin K., Sahin N., Onderci M., Yaralioglu S. and Kucuk O. (2001). Protective role of supplemental vitamin E on lipid peroxidation, vitamins E, A and some mineral concentrations of broilers reared under heat stress. Veterinary Medicine. 46:140-144.
11
11- Saunderson C.L. and McKinlay J. (1990). Changes in bodyweight, composition and hepatic enzyme activities in response to dietary methionine, betaine and choline levels in growing chicks. British Journal of Nutrition. 63: 339-349.
12
12- Sun H., Yang R., Yang Z.B., Wang Y., Jiang S.Z. and Zhang G.G. (2008). Effects of betaine supplementation to methionine deficient diet on growth performance and carcassa characteristics of broilers. American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences. 3 (3): 78-84.
13
13- Tucker L.A. and Remus J. (2001). The effect of betaine on performance, water balance and gut integrity of coccidiosis-infected poultry and its potentioal benefit in AGP-free diets. British Poultry Science. 42(1): 108-109.
14
14- Ueland P.M., Holm P. and Hustad S. (2005). Betaine: a key modulator of one-carbon metabolism and homocysteine status. Clinical Chemistry Laboratory Medicine. 43(10):1069–75.
15
15- Zulkifli I., Mysahra S.A. and Jin L.Z. (2004). Dietary supplementation of betaine (betafin) and response to high temperature stress in male broiler chichens. Asian-Aust. Journal of Animal Science. 17: 244-249.
16
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Genetic diversity of interon 4 of growth hormone gene in West Azerbaijan native chicken using PCR-RFLP technique
In the present study blood samples were collected from 90 birds in order to investigate the genetic variation of interon 4 of chicken growth hormone gene (cGH) in West Azeraijan native chicken. Genomic DNA was extracted and a fragment of 1170 bp in size was amplified using polymerase chain reaction. The amplified fragments were subjected to restriction digestion with MspI endonuclease enzyme and the resultant digested products were run on 2% agarose gel. The results revealed the existence of three alleles A, B and C for the examined locus with frequencies of 34.44%, 32.22% and 33.33% respectively. A number of six different genotypic variants including AA, AB, BB, AC, BC and CC were identified with genotypic frequencies of 11.11%, 23.33%, 12.22%, 23.33%, 16.66% and 13.13% respectively. The expected hetrozygosity value and effective number of alleles were 0.66 and 2.99 respectively. G square and Chi square tests based on observed and expected frequencies of different genotypic variants of cGH gene showed that deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was not significant for West Azerbaijan native chicken. It was concluded that the genotypes of the examined locus were not affected by genotype influencing factors such as selection, migration and mutation.
https://www.ivj.ir/article_4765_eb894cdecc6bd87d331db81f2ecc9633.pdf
2012-03-20
24
32
genetic diversity
Growth hormone gene
West Azerbaijan
Native chicken
K
KH
1
دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد گروه علوم دامی ، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ارومیه
AUTHOR
K
M
kmardani@yahoo.com
2
دانشیار گروه بهداشت و کنترل کیفی مواد غذایی دانشکده دامپزشکی دانشگاه ارومیه
LEAD_AUTHOR
A
h
mg.mahabad1365@gmail.com
3
استادیار گروه علوم دامی دانشکده دامپزشکی دانشگاه ارومیه
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
genetic diversity of four finger threadfin (Eleutheronema tetradactylum) population in the Persian Gulf and the Oman Sea using 28S rRNA gene Sequencing
Genetic population structure in four finger threadfin (Eleutheronema tetradactylum) was examined by using sequencing analysis in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. Forty one samples were collected from four locations; Khoozestan, Booshehr, Bandarabas and Systan and Baloochestan. Genomic DNA was extracted using Phenol_chloroform method. Forward and reverse primers were designed based on 28s rRNA gene in four finger threadfin. After PCR and sequences alignment, data statistical analysis was performed by Dnasp V:5, Arlequin V:3.5 and MEGA V:4 softwares. Maximum haplotype and nucleotide number and diversity were found in Bandarabas region and minimum of those indicators was recorded in Booshehr region. The highest genetic distance was between Booshehr and Bandarabas regions (0.29) and the lowest was between Booshehr and Chabahar (zero) regions, respectively. The highest and lowest sequence divergence were between Chabahar_Khoozestan (0.71) and Booshehr_Chabahar (0.05), respectively. Maximum haplotype frequencies rate were found between Bandarabas_Booshehr (12.37) and Booshehr_Khoozestan (7.95) populations (P<0.05). Maximum rate of haplotype and nucleotide diversity was estimated between Khoozestan_Booshehr regions and minimum for those indicators were recorded between Booshehr_Chabahar regions. Regarding the results it can be stated that Booshehr is an old population and has reached to the genetic stable structure, but the others have an aspect of high dynamic genetic population. So, all of them sets in an one cluster in phylogenetic tree and the out group was reset in another cluster.
1- Post-Graduate Student of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science, Marine Science and Technology
University of khoramshahr, Iran
2- Associate Professor, Iranian Fisheries Research Organization, Tehran, Iran
3- Assistant Professor, Department of marine biology, Faculty of Marine Science, Marine Science and
Technology University of Khoramshahr , Iran
4- Professor, Department of marine biology, Faculty of Marine Science, Marine Science and Technology
University of Khoramshahr, Iran
https://www.ivj.ir/article_4766_6a6fd93153aea375d447b8e8dc74e8f4.pdf
2012-03-20
33
41
Eleutheronema tetradactylum
sequencing
Genetic population structure
Persian Gulf
Oman Sea
H
kh
hodakhaledi@yahoo.com
1
دانشجوی دکتری تخصصی بیولوژی دریا، دانشکده علوم دریائی، دانشگاه علوم و فنون دریایی خرمشهر
LEAD_AUTHOR
S
R
2
دانشیار موسسه تحقیقات شیلات ایران، تهران
AUTHOR
H
Z
3
استادیار گروه بیولوژی دریا، دانشکده علومدریایی، دانشگاه علوم و فنوندریایی خرمشهر
AUTHOR
A
S
savari53@yahoo.com
4
استادیار گروه بیولوژی دریا، دانشکده علومدریایی، دانشگاه علوم و فنوندریایی خرمشهر
AUTHOR
A.R.
S.
5
استادیار گروه بیولوژی دریا، دانشکده علومدریایی، دانشگاه علوم و فنوندریایی خرمشهر
AUTHOR
منابع
1
1- حاجیرستملو محبوبه، رضوانیگیلکلایی سهراب، فاطمی سیدمحمدرضا، صادقیزاده مجید، لالویی فرامرز (1386). بررسی مولکولی جمعیت آرتمیا پارتنوژنتیکا (Artemia parthenogenetica) در ایران به روش PCR-RFLP مجله علمی شیلات ایران، سال شانزدهم، شماره 4، صفحات 67-53.
2
2- Aboim M.A., Menezes G.M., Schlitt T. and Rogers A.D. (2005). Genetic structure and history of populations of the deep-sea fish Helicolenus dactylopterusinferred from mtDNA sequence analysis. Molecular Ecology.14: 1343-1354.
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3- Baldwin J.D., Bass A.L., Bowen B.W. and Clark (1998). Molecular phylogeny and Biogeography of the Marine shrimp Penaeus monodon. Molecular Phylogenetic evolution. 10: 399- 407.
4
4- Bradbury I.R., Campana S.E. and Bentzen P. (2008). Low genetic connectivity in an estuarine fish with pelagic larvae. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science. 65: 147-158.
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5- Campbell R.A. and Beveridge I. (1996). Revision of the family Pterobothriidae Pintner, 1931 (Cestoda:Trypanorhyncha). Invertebrate Taxonomy. 10: 617-662.
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6- Excoffier L., Laval G. and Schneider S. (2005). Arlequin ver. 3.0: An integrated software package for population genetics data analysis. Evol. Bioinformatics. 1: 47-50.
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7- Hoolihan J.P., Anandh P.J. and Herwerden L.V. (2006). Mitochondrial analyses of narrow- barred Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson) suggests a single genetic stock in the ROPME sea area. ICES Journal of Marine science. 63: 1066-1074.
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8- Kalinowski S.T. (2005). Do polymorphic loci require large sample sizes to estimate genetic distances. Journal of Heredity. 94: 33-36.
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9- Kumar S., Tamura K., and Nei M. (1993). MEGA: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis. Version 1.01. Pennsylvania State University.
10
10- Lundrigan T.A., Reist J.D. and Ferguson M.M. (2005). Microsatellite genetic variation within and among Arctic char (Salvelinus alpines) from aquaculture and natural populations in North America. Aquaculture. 244: 63-75.
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11- Martin cesar Wasko A.P., Oliveria C. and Foresti F. (2003). Mitochondrail DNA variation in wild populations of Leporinus elongates from the parana river basin. Genetic and molecular Biology. 26 (1): 33-38.
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12- Moore B., Newman S.J., Pember M., Allsop A., Saunders T., Ballagh A. and et al. (2009). Threadfin fisheries across the north. Western Fisheries, WA Journal of Fishing and the Aquatic Environment, September 2009. pp. 50-51.
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13- Motomura H., Iwatsuki Y., Kimura S. and Yoshino T. (2002). Revision of the Indo -West Pacific polynemid fishg enus Eleutheronema (Teleostei perciformes) Ichtyological Research. 49: 47-61.
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14- Pember M.B., Newman S.J., Hesp S.A., Yong G.C., Skepper C.L., Hall N.G. and et al. (2005). Biological parameters for managing the fisheris for Blue and Threadfin salmons, Estuary Rockcod, Malabar Grouper and Mangrove Jack in north -Western Australia. Fisheries Research and Development Corporation Final Report NO.02/003. Center for Fish and Fisheries Research, Murdoch University, Murdoch,WA.
15
15- Rezvani GilKolaei S., Imanifar A., Aghili R. and Laloei F., (2007). PCR-RFLP analysis of mitochondrial DNA for identification of Rutilus rutilus population on the southern coast of the Caspian Sea, Iran. Journal of Marine Biology Associatation. U.k. 86: 1463-1467.
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16- Rozas J., Sanchez-DelBarrio J.C., Messeguer X. and Rozas R. (2003). DnaSP, DNA polymorphism analyses by the coalescent and other methods. Bioinformatics, 19: 2496-2497.
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17- Santi-Rampazzo A.P., Nishiyama P.B., Ferreira P.E.B. and Martins-Santos I. (2008). Intrapopulational polymorphism of nucleous organizer regions in Serrapinnus notomelas (Characidae, Cheirodontinae) from the Parana River. Journal of Fish Biology.72: 1236-1243.
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18- Solomon C.T., Weber P.K., Cech J.J., Ingram B.L., Conrad M.E., Machavaram M.V., and et al. (2006). Experimental determination of the sources of otolith carbon and associated isotopic fractionation. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 63: 79-89.
19
19- Thai B.T., Pham T.A. and Austin G.M. (2006). Genetic diversity of common carp in Vietnam using direct sequencing and SSCP analysis of the mitochondrial DNA control region. Aquaculture. 258: 228-240.
20
20- Thompson J.D., Gibson T.J., Plewniak F., Jeanmougin F. and Higgins D.G. (1997). The CLUSTAL-X Windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acid Research. 25: 4876-4882.
21
21- Tsoi K.H., Wang Z.Y. and Chu K.H. (2005). Genetic divergence between two morphological similar varietics of the kurma shrimp penaeus Japonicus Marine Biology. 147: 367-379.
22
22- Ward R.D., Zemlak T.S., Innes B.H., Last P.R. and Hebert P.D.N. (2005). DNA barcoding Australia,s Fish species. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society Bulletin. doi:10. 1098/ rstb. 1716. Published Online.
23
23- Welch D.J., Gribble N.A. and Garrett R.N. (2002). Assessment of the threadfin salmon fishery in Queensland 2002. Report NO.QI02115,Queensland Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, Cairns.QLD. PP: 120-125.
24
24- Welch D.J., Ballagh A., Newman S.J., Lester R.J., Moore B., Herwerden L. and et al. (2010). Defining the stock structure of northern Australia, s threadfin salmon species.FRDC project NO. 2007/032.P.13- 159.
25
25- Zischke M.T. and Cribb T.H. (2009). Stock structure of blue threadfin on the Eleutheronema tetradactylum Queensland east coast, as determined byparasites anconventional tagging. Journal of fish Biology. 75: 156-171.
26
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The effect of PMSG on output of estrus synchronisation following using norgestomet in river buffalo
In this experiment, the effect of PMSG on the output of estrus synchronization following using norgestomet implant was investigated in river buffaloes. Twenty two cyclic female river buffalos at unknown stages of estrus cycle were selected and received norgestomet implant (Crestar, 3mg norgestomet, Intervet, Holland), with an injection of GnRH at first day of experiment. On day 7 after norgestomet insertion, females were randomly assigned into two groups considering their age and weight and both groups of control and experiment received PG F2a (15mg prostiol, prozolin, intervet, Holland). The animals in treatment group received PMSG (Folligon, 1000IU, IM, intervet, Holland) in addition to PG F2a. The implant was removed on day 9 after insertion in all females. Estrous detection was conducted using teaser bull, from 12 hours after norgestomet removal for 7 days every 4 hours for at least 30minutes. From the beginning of sfrous until ovulation, ultrasonography was conducted at the time of estrus, 24, 32 and 40 hours after standing estrus. PMSG had no effect on the frequency of estrous response (Treatment: 100%; control: 81.8%), tightness of estrus synchrony within 12 hours (Treatment: 77/8%; Control: 72/8%) and the frequency of ovulation (Treatment: 100%; control: 88.9%; P>0.05). The interval between the end of treatment and the start of estrus in control group (52.5±4.11 hours) was longer than PMSG group (41.8±8.57 hours; P<0.05). In conclusion, PMSG injection, 2 days prior to the termination of 9 days estrus synchronization program could hasten the time of estrous expression in river buffalo. This has to be considered in fixed timed artificial insemination in this species.
https://www.ivj.ir/article_4778_847108d64d226b920b5e763544f5535b.pdf
2012-03-20
42
50
River buffalo
Estrus synchronization
Norgestomet
PMSG
A.R.
R.
a.rastegar@iaurmia.ac.ir
1
استادیار گروه علوم درمانگاهی، دانشکده دامپزشکی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد ارومیه
LEAD_AUTHOR
A.
N.
2
استاد گروه علوم درمانگاهی، دانشکده دامپزشکی، دانشگاه تهران
AUTHOR
P.
H.
3
استاد گروه علوم درمانگاهی، دانشکده دامپزشکی، دانشگاه تهران
AUTHOR
F.
S.
4
عضو هیأت علمی مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم دامی کشور، کرج
AUTHOR
E
K
5
کارشناس ارشد مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و امور دام، وزارت جهاد کشاورزی، اهواز
AUTHOR
1- Abdoon A.S.S., Younis A.A. and Kandil O.M. (1994). Trial for treatment of delayed puberty in buffalo heifers. Proceeding, 4th world buffalo congress, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 3:534-536.
1
2- Barile V.L., Galasso A., Marchiori E., Pacelli C., Montemurro N. and Borghese A. (2001). Effect of PRID treatment on conception rate in Mediterranean buffalo heifers. Livestock production Science, 68: 283-287.
2
3- Brito L.F.C., Satrapa R., Marson E.P., Kastelic J.P. (2002). Efficacy of PGF2a to synchronize estrus in water buffalo cows (bubalus bubalis) is dependent upon plasma progesterone concentration, corpus luterm size and ovarian follicular status before treatment. Animal Reproduction Science, 73:23-35.
3
4- Chohan K.R. (1998). Estrus synhronization with lower dose of PGF2a and subsequent fertility in subestrus buffalo. Theriogenology, 50:1101- 1108.
4
5- De Rensis F. and Lo´pez-Gatiu F. (2007). Protocols for synchronizing estrus and ovulation in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis): A review. Theriogenology, 67:209–216.
5
6- Diaz J.S., Fritsch M. and Rodrigues G.L. (1994). Pre– fixed artificial insemination in water buffalo with synchronized oestrus using prostaglandin F2a. Proceeding, 4th. World buffalo congress, Sao Paulo. Brazil, 3:588-590.
6
7- EL-Belely M.S., Eissa H.M., Omaima H.F. and Ghoneivm I.M. (1995). Assessment of fertility by monitoring changes in plasma concentrations of progesterone, oestradiol-17bandrogens and oestrone sulphate in suboestrus buffalo cow treated with prostaglandin F2a. Animal Reproduction Science, 40:7– 15.
7
8- Gorden I. (1996). Controlled Reproduction in cattle and buffaloes. . CABI Publishing, Wallingford, Oxon. pp. 106; 450 – 463
8
9- Greyling J.P.C. and Niekerk C.H. (1990). Effect of pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) and route of administration after progestagen treatment on oestrus and LH secretion in the Boar goat. Small Ruminant Research, 3:511-516.
9
10- Jainudeen M.R. and Hafez E.S.E. (2000). Cattle and Buffalo In: Reproduction in farm animals (Eds. Hafez. B; Hafez, E. S. E), 7th end, Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore. PP: 159-171.
10
11- Macmillan K.L. and Peterson A.J. (1993). A new intravaginal progesterone releasing device for cattle (CIDR–B) for estrus synchronization, increasing pregnancy rated and treatment of post partum anoestrus. Animal Reproduction Science, 33:1-25.
11
12- Murugavel K., Antoine D., Raju M.S. and Lo´pez-Gatius F. (2009). The effect of addition of equine chorionic gonadotropin to a progesterone-based estrous synchronization protocol in buffaloes(Bubalus bubalis) under tropical conditions. Theriogenology, 71:1120–1126.
12
13- Navayana K. and Mirji R.V. (1985). Effest of PMSG on the plasma FSH and LH concentrations and ovulation in the dairy Cow. Indian Journal Animal Science, 55:347-350.
13
14- Neglia G., Gasparrini B., Dipalo R., Rosa C.D., Zicarelli L. and Campanile G. (2003). Comparison of pregnancy rates with two estrus synchronization protocols in Italian Mediterranean buffalo cows. Theriogenology, 60: 125-133.
14
15- Niassari-Naslaji A., Maclellan L.J., Whyte T. and D’Ochio M.J. (1996). Ovarian follicle dynamic and synchronization of oestrus and ovulation after treatrnent with oestradiol – progestongen or hCG - progestogen in Bos indicus heifers. Procceding 13th Interating Congness, Animal Reprodal, pp: 4-9.
15
16- Perera B.M.A.O. (2010). Reproductive cycles of buffalo. Animal Reproduction Science, 124: 194–199.
16
17- Presicce1 G.A., Senatore1 E.M., De Santi S. and Bella A. (2005). Follicle Turnover and Pregnancy Rates Following Oestrus Synchronization Protocols in Mediterranean Italian Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). Reprod Dom Anim, 40:443–447.
17
18- Rao A.V.N. and Venkatramaiah P. (1989). Luteolytic effect of a low dose of cloprostenol monitored by changes in vaginal resistance in subestrous buffaloes. Animal Reproduction Science, 21:149-152.
18
19- Roche J.F., Austin E.J., Ryan M.O., Rourke M., Mihm M., Diskin M.G. (1999). Regulation of follicle waves to maximize fertility in cattle. J Reproduetion Fertility Supplament, 54:61-71.
19
20- Saini M.S., Mgalhotra M.M., Kaker M.L. and Razdan M.N. (1986). Induction of estrus and ovulation in non- cyclic buffalo ( Bubalus bubalis ) heifers with progesterone – releasing intravaginal device and pregnant mare Serum gonadotrophin and their gonadotrophin profile. Theriogenology, 26: PP 749-755.
20
21- SAS (1989). 4th end. SAS / STAT user’s Guid Vol. 1 SAS institute, Cary NC, Version 6.
21
22- Smith J.E., Cruick Shank G.F., MeGowan L.T., Parr J. and Mortimer B.J. (1988). Seasonal changes in oestrus, ovulation and conception of Coop worth ewes treated with CIDRs and PMSG. Proceeding New Zealand Society Animal Production, 48: 99-102.
22
23- Singh J., Nada A.S. and Adams G.P. (2000). The reproductive pattern and efficacy of female buffaloes. Animal Reproduction Science; 61: 593-604.
23
24- Tiwanna M.S., Bhalaru S.S. and Bhullar M.S. (1985). Incidence of twining in buffaloes. Buffalo Bulletin, 4: 43-44.
24
25- Virakul P., Chantavapratcep P., Lohachit C., Pratccp P. and Demakan T. (1988). Synchronization of oestrus in Swamp buffalo by using norgestomet and norgestomet plus PMSG. Buffalo Journal, 1: 95 – 98.
25
26- Warriach H.M ., Channa A.A. and Ahmad N. (2007). Effect of oestrus synchronization methods on oestrus behaviour, timing of ovulation and pregnancy rate during the breeding and low breeding seasons in Nili-Ravi buffaloes. Animal Reproduction Science 101, 3(4) : 332-337
26
27- Williams W.F., Osman A.M., Sehata S.H.M. and Gross T.S. (1986). Pedometer detection of prostaglandin- F2a induced luteolysis and estrus in the Egyptian buffalo. Animal Reproduetion Science, 11: 237-241.
27
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The effect of intracerebroventricular injection of serotonin, parachlorophenylalanine and reserpine on food and water intake in food-deprived broiler cockerels
This study was designed to assess the effects of intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of serotonin(5-HT), parachlorophenylalanine(PCPA) and reserpine on food and water intake in 24-h food-deprived (FD24) broiler cockerels, and also to determine that water intake is dependent or independent to food intake. At first, guide cannula was surgically implanted in the right lateral ventricle of chickens. After 5-7 days recovery period, the broilers deprived of food for 24 hours. In experiment 1, 2 and 3, birds were injected (ICV) with different doses of serotonin, PCPA and reserpine, respectively. Fresh food and water was supplied immediately after injection and cumulative food and water intake was determined at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 minutes postinjection. The results of this study showed that serotonin decreases food intake and increases water intake in FD24 broiler cockerels (P<0.05); while the effects of PCPA and reserpine were inverse of serotonin. These data indicate the possibility of central 5-HT involvement in regulation of food and water intake in chickens and seems that the effect of serotonin on food and water intake in chickens is independent of each others.
https://www.ivj.ir/article_4781_6ea3d95abdc88097261ef07b35458a86.pdf
2012-03-20
51
60
Serotonin
Parachlorophenylalanine
Food intake
Water intake
Broiler cockerels
M.
Z.
zendedel@ut.ac.ir
1
استادیار گروه علوم پایه، دانشکده دامپزشکی، دانشگاه تهران
LEAD_AUTHOR
F.
H.
farshidhamidi@um.ac.ir
2
دانشآموخته دکترای تخصصی فیزیولوژی، دانشکده دامپزشکی، دانشگاه تهران
AUTHOR
V.
B.
3
استاد گروه علوم پایه، دانشکده دامپزشکی، دانشگاه تهران
AUTHOR
F.
T.
4
دانشآموخته کارشناسی ارشد فیزیولوژی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد ارسنجان
AUTHOR
1- Amer A., Breu J., McDermott J., Wurtman R.J. and Maher T.J. (2004). 5-Hydroxy-L-tryptophan suppresses food intake in food-deprived and stressed rats. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior. 77(1): 137-43.
1
2- Baranyiova E. (1990). Effects of srotonin on the food intake in chickens. Acta veterinaria Brno. 59: 23-33.
2
3- Borbély A.A., Huston J.P. and Waser P.G. (1973). Physiological and behavioral effects of parachlorophenylalanine in the rat. Psychopharmacologia. 31(2): 131-42.
3
4- Brown I.L. and Mewaldt L.R. (1967). Effects of reserpine on the white-crowned sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii). British Journal of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy. 30: 251-257.
4
5- Bubenik G.A. and Pang S.F. (1993). The effect of para-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) on food consumption, food transit time and melatonin levels in the brain and the digestive tract of mice. Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Comparative physiology.104(2):377-80.
5
6- Bungo T., Yahata K., Izumi T., Dodo K. and et al. (2008). Centrally administered tryptophan suppresses food intake in free fed chicks through the serotonergic system. 45(3): 215-219.
6
7- Cone R.D., Cowley M.A., Butler A.A., Fan W., Marks D.L. and Low M.J. (2001). The arcuate nucleus as a conduit for diverse signals relevant to energy homeostasis. International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders. 25 Suppl. 5:S63-S67.
7
8- Cowley M.A., Pronchuk N., Fan W., Dinulescu D.M., Colmers W.F. and Cone R.D. (1999). Integration of NPY, AGRP, and melanocortin signals in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus: evidence of a cellular basis for the adipostat. Neuron 24: 155-163.
8
9- Curzon G.E. (1990). Serotonin and appetite. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 600:521-31.
9
10- Denbow D.M. (1985). Food intake control in birds. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. 9(2): 223-232.
10
11- Denbow D.M., Van Krey H.P., Lacy M.P. and Dietrick T.J. (1983). Feeding. Drinking and body temperature of leghorn chicks: Effects of ICV injections of biogenic amines. Physiology and Behavior. 31(1): 85-90.
11
12- Denbow D.M., Van Krey H.P. and Siegel P.B. (1986). Selection for growth alters the feeding response to injections of biogenic amines. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior. 24(1):39-42.
12
13- Denbow D.M. and Sheppard B.J. (1993). Food and water intake responses of the domestic fowl to norepinephrine infusion at circumscribed neural sites. Brain Research Bulletin. 31:121-128.
13
14- Fernstrom J.D. (1981). Effects of the diet on brain function. Acta Astronautica. 8(9-10):1035-42.
14
15- Gorka Z. and Adamik P. (1993). The effect of reserpine and stress on feeding behaviour in the light and dark phases of the diurnal cycle in rats. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 45(2):137-8.
15
16- Halford J.C., Harrold J.A., Lawton C.L. and Blundell J.E. (2005). Serotonin (5-HT) Drugs: Effects on Appetite Expression and Use for the Treatment of Obesity. Current Drug Targets. 6(2): 201-13.
16
17- Henry J. and Scherman D. (1989). Radioligands of the vesicular monoamine transporter and their use as markers of monoamine storage vesicles. Biochemical pharmacology. 38 (15): 2395-2404.
17
18- Lam D.D., Przydzial M.J., Ridley S.H., Yeo G.S., Rochford J.J., O'Rahilly S. and et al. (2007). Serotonin 5-HT2C Receptor Agonist Promotes Hypophagia via Downstream Activation of Melanocortin 4 Receptors. Endocrinology. 149(3):1323-8.
18
19- Minano F.G., Meneres S.M.S., Sancibrain M. and Salinas P. (1992). GABA (A) receptors in the amigdala; role in feeding in fasted and satiated rats. Brain Research. 17:586 (1): 104-110Abs.
19
20- Morris P., Li E.T.S., MacMillan M.L. and Anderson G.H. (1987). Food intake and selection after peripheral tryptophan. Physiology and Behavior. 40(2): 155-163.
20
21- Pal G.K., Kannan N. and Pal P. (2004). Effect of injection of serotonin into nucleus caudatus on food and water intake and body weight in albino rats. Indian journal of physiology and pharmacology. 48(4):437-45.
21
22- Saadoun A. and Cabrera M.C. (2008). Hypophagic and dipsogenic effect of the 5-HT1A receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT in broiler chickens. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition (Berl). 92(5): 597-604.
22
23- Sargent P.A., Sharpley A.L., Williams C., Goodall E.M. and Cowen P.J. (1997). 5-HT2C receptor activation decreases appetite and body weight in obese subjects. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 133(3): 309-12.
23
24- Simansky K.J. (1986). Serotonergic control of the organization of feeding and satiety. Behavioural brain research. 73:37-42.
24
25- Steffens S.M., Casas D.C., Milanez B.C., Freitas C.G., Paschoalini M.A. and Marino-Neto J. (1997). Hypophagic and dipsogenic effects of central 5-HT injections in pigeons. Brain Research Bulletin. 44(6):681-8.
25
26- Thurmon J.C., Tranquilli W.J. and Benson G.J. (1996). Lumb and jones veterinary anesthesia, 3rd ed, Baltimore. Williams and wilkins: pp:686-735.
26
27- Walther D.J., Peter J.U., Bashammakh S., Hörtnagl H., Voits M., Fink H. and et al. (2003). Synthesis of serotonin by a second tryptophan hydroxylase isoform. Science 299 (5603): 76.
27
28- Zendehdel M., Baghbanzadeh A., Babapour V. and Cheraghi J. (2009). The effects of bicuculline and muscimol on glutamate-induced feeding behavior in broiler cockerels. Journal of Comparative Physiology A: Neuroethology, Sensory, Neural, and Behavioral Physiology. 195(8): 715-20.
28
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Incidence of Lactococcus garvieae the cause of lactococcosis in rainbow trout farms in Chaharmahal-va-Bakhtyari province and detection of 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the isolated bacteria
Incidence of Lactococcus garveiae the causative agent of lactococcosis was studied in 32 rainbow trouts farms in Chaharmahal-va- Bakhtyari province during 2009. Totally 192 bacterial isolates were obtained from kidney tissues of the clinically affected fish on blood agar at 30ºC. After biochemical tests, a number of 68 isolates were identical as L. garvieae phenotypically. Only 36 isolates were confirmed as L. garvieae using PCR analysis. The sequencing of 16S rRNA gene of some selected isolates were performed randomly and showed that these isolates have the most relationship with the isolates from China, Japan and Australia while, less relationship was found with the Tunis isolates. These results show that incidence of lactococcosis (streptococcosis) caused by L. garvieae increased in the rainbow trout farms in Chaharmahal-va- Bakhtyari province during 2009, in comparison with previous years.
https://www.ivj.ir/article_4782_0b681ad544a9afb349a234962c7f641f.pdf
2012-03-20
61
67
Lactococcus garvieae
rainbow trout
Chaharmahal-va-Bakhtyari
PCR
M.
S.
msoltani@ut.ac.ir
1
استاد گروه بهداشت و بیماریهای آبزیان، دانشکده دامپزشکی، دانشگاه تهران
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
R.
mreissy@yahoo.com
2
دانشیار گروه علوم درمانگاهی، دانشکده دامپزشکی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد شهرکرد
AUTHOR
M.A.
G.
3
دانشآموخته دانشکده دامپزشکی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد شهرکرد
AUTHOR
H.
M.
hamomtaz@yahoo.com
4
استادیار گروه پاتوفیزیولوژی، دانشکده دامپزشکی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد شهرکرد
AUTHOR
M.
M.
5
استادیار گروه میکروبیولوژی، دانشکده دامپزشکی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد شهرکرد
AUTHOR
منابع
1
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Microscopic study of development of renal nephrons in sturgeon larvae and fingerlings
In order to study development of nephrons in larval and fingerling stages of sturgeon (Acipenser persicus), a total number of 60 samples of larvae and Fingerlings were randomly collected and immediately were fixed in Buin’s fluid. After routine histological procedures and sectioning at 5-6 micrometers, they were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and studied under light microscope.
The results showed that in one day after hatching, the abdomen was filled with yolk sac which was disappeared in the next days and the growth of organs was developed. Renal corpuscles were observed during the first week. Renal corpuscles and urinary tubules were obvious after fourth day of hatching. During the next days, the kidneys progressed gradually to the caudal parts and also the tubules and renal corpuscles increased in number. Also in days twenty to twenty five, beside the growth and increasing of renal corpuscles, complete differentiation of urinary tubules occured. In days thirty five to forty complete growths of tubules and renal corpuscles were observed, moreover each tubule showed its own cytoplasm staining, and the presence of hematopoietic tissues and lymphatic tissues were completely obvious.
https://www.ivj.ir/article_4783_ae5a9e25861ff2f51af4f9c4bd21d316.pdf
2012-03-20
68
75
histology
Acipenser persicus
Renal nephrons
larvae
Development
M.T.
SH.
tsheibani@yahoo.com
1
استادیار گروه علوم پایه، دانشکده دامپزشکی، دانشگاه تهران
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
P.
2
کارشناس گروه آمار و مطالعات توسعه شیلاتی، سازمان شیلات ایران
AUTHOR
منابع
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